The Premises is located within the central part of the northern Perth Basin, a deep linear trough of sedimentary rocks that is bounded to the east by the Darling Fault and composed of up to 12 km of Permian to Quaternary sediments. The regional stratigraphy indicates three distinct depositional cycles in the sedimentary succession, with each cycle separated by a major unconformity in the form of an erosional surface.

The mineralised ore that comprises the Cataby deposit is hosted in the Late Tertiary Yoganup Formation. In the southern portion of the Premises, south of Mimegarra Rd, the mineralised deposits are underlain by the Leederville Formation, whilst in the north are underlain by Yarragadee sediments. A small portion of the south-eastern section of the deposit is likely to be underlain by the Mesozoic sediments of the Parmelia Formation.

Basement materials
The Leederville, Parmelia and Yarragadee Formations consist of interbedded, weakly to well consolidated sandstone, siltstone, shale and claystone that, in the upper portions, have been deposited in a non-marine, primarily fluvial setting. The Leederville Formation sediments conformably overlie the Yarragadee and the Parmerlia Formations, and as such are considered to be in hydraulic continuity.

On the eastern margin of the deposit, the basement materials outcrop along the Gingin and Dandaragan Scarps.

Yoganup Formation
The mineralised sands of the Yoganup Format ........

The mining and processing operations incorporate conventional dry mining, followed by wet screening and gravity separation.

Many of the pits will be mined to a basement level that is below the natural groundwater table and dewatering will be required to facilitate dry mining conditions. Where the dewatering rate exceeds the project’s water demand, excess water will be returned to the aquifer via infiltration basins, and reinjection bores where required.

Mine voids will be backfilled progressively throughout the life-of-mine by tailings and overburden.

The Cataby deposit is predominantly a large undeveloped high strip, low grade ilmenite deposit. Topsoil and subsoil will be pre-stripped and stockpiled separately, or placed on areas undergoing rehabilitation. Overburden removed using a combination of scrapers, excavators and trucks, and stockpiled or placed directly into the mine void, or used for the construction of earthen bunds, infrastructure pads and internal roads.

Mining occur on a 24-hour, 7 days per week basis to an approximate depth of 60 m below ground level (mbgl). Mining will be conducted in 16 pit areas, with some pits being contiguous with each other. At least 2 pits mined concurrently.

The general sequence of mining operations is outlined below:
- vegetation clearing and topsoil / subsoil stripping;
- overburden removal, followed by extraction of mineral sands ore using dozers, or excavators and ........

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