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Location: 63 km SW from Emalahleni, South Africa
DelmasSouth Africa
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Leeuwpan mine is in the Delmas coalfield, on the western border of the Witbank coalfield. The geology within the Delmas coalfield is similar to that of the Witbank coalfield.Like the Witbank coalfield, the Delmas coalfield has up to five coal seams in the middle Ecca group sediments of the Karoo supergroup. The Karoo sequence in the area is represented by the Dwyka formation and the middle Ecca with little or no lower Ecca development. The middle Ecca sequence of coal horizons, interbedded with sediments, is highly truncated due to erosion with minor areas where the full sequence is developed. The basement is generally the Malmani dolomites from the Transvaal supergroup.Are identified two coal seams at Leeuwpan: top coal seam and bottom coal seam. The bottom coal seam correlates with the S2 of the Witbank and Highveld coalfields and the top coal seam correlates with S4 and S5. The bottom coal seam qualities are generally higher than the top coal seam qualities.The coal seams at Leeuwpan are primarily interbedded with sandstone, shale and carbonaceous shale.The coal was deposited on glacial sediments of Dwyka tillite, which in turn was deposited on dolomite of the Transvaal supergroup. A significant amount of magma intruded as concordant sills of dolerite in the Karoo strata in the Delmas area. Thin dolerite dyke structures that transgress the stratigraphy are associated with the dolerite intrusion. Factors controlling geological and quality continuity are mainly surface weathering, significant variation in seam thickness due to an undulating tillite floor, faulting associated with dolerite activity and dolomitic basement, and devolatilisation and weathering due to dolerite intrusions (sills and dykes).
