Mining Intelligence and News
Brazil

Serra Verde/Pela Ema Mine

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Categories

Summary

Mine TypeOpen Pit
StatusActive
Commodities
  • REE
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
  • Strip mining (roll-over)
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Mine Life... Lock
SnapshotPela Ema is a large, long-life ionic clay deposit that contains an elevated proportion of high value heavy and light REEs, primarily neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), terbium (Tb) and dysprosium (Dy) that are key to the energy transition.

On January 11, 2024, Serra Verde has commenced commercial production of Mixed Rare Earth Concentrate from Phase I of its Pela Ema deposit.

As of December 31, 2024, the operation is ramping up to reach the Phase I nameplate capacity.

The Serra Verde has begun work to increase Phase I capacity at Pela Ema through plant optimization and is assessing the potential for a Phase II expansion which could double run-of-mine production before 2030.

Owners

SourceSource
CompanyInterestOwnership
Serra Verde Group 100 % Indirect
Serra Verde Pesquisa e Mineracao Ltda (operator) 100 % Direct
The main operational arm of the Serra Verde Group is Serra Verde Pesquisa e Mineração (SVPM), which manages the extraction and processing of rare earth oxides from the Pela Ema deposit.

Contractors

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Deposit type

  • Saprolite

Summary:

Serra Verde is one of the largest ionic clay deposits in the world. The Serra Verde REEs occur in thick weathered saprolites containing REE bearing clays, which developed from leaching of the underlying Serra Dourada granite, which is the largest intrusion of the Goiás Tin Province. The intrusion is approximately 64 km long in the north south direction and varies between 3.5 and 12 km wide (mean 7.5 km) in the east west direction.

Type of deposit: saprolite “ion adsorption-type”- REE mineralization.

It is formed due to the weathering of REE-enriched source rocks, the liberation and mobilization of the “REEs ions” and their preferential adsorption onto the surfaces of clay minerals.

The particularly significant about saprolite is “ion adsorption-type” REE mineralization, typically contains a high proportion of “HREE”.

The REE typically occur in a six metre-deep layer of clay-bearing saprolite produced by the deep weathering of granite. Initial testing suggests that more than 50% of the REE bulk is sorbed on clay and can be recovered by a simple elution process.

The Serra Verde REE deposit is associated with a Proterozoic alkali granite within the Goiás province of Brazil. The REE introduction and enrichment may be related to three main stages of geological evolution:
- Emplacement of the Pela Ema Tin granites (~1.8 Ga). This resulted in the formation of typical tinbearing greisen veins hosting monazite and xenotime.
- Intrusion of an evolved alkaline (possibly carbonatite) complex at depth (~540 Ma).This caused potassium metasomatism (K-feldspar-biotite) with additional introduction or recrystallisation of monazite, xenotime and magnetite.
- Lateritisation, possibly during the Miocene.

A 30-35 metre thick lateritic weathering profile developed, resulting in the breakdown of feldspars to clay and the dissolution of REE-bearing minerals with reprecipitation in the saprolite ore zone. Colluvial accumulations of REE are also present.

Reserves

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Mining Methods

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Heavy Mobile Equipment

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Comminution

Crushers and Mills

Milling equipment has not been reported.

Processing

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Commodity Production

CommodityUnitsAvg. Annual (Projected)
All production numbers are expressed as oxide in concentrate.

Production Costs

Commodity production costs have not been reported.

Personnel

Mine Management

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Aug 25, 2025
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....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Aug 12, 2025
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Aug 25, 2025

Workforce

Total WorkforceYear
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...... Subscription required 2023

Aerial view:

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