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Location: 24 km NW from Letlhakane, Botswana
Private Bag 001OrapaBotswana
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Debswana is a joint venture between the government of Botswana and the South African diamond company De Beers; each party owns 50% of the company.
All of the subject Properties lie within the Orapa kimberlite cluster on the southwestern edge of the Zimbabwe Craton of Southern Africa with a stable, cool cratonic setting favourable for the intrusion of diamondiferous kimberlite and associated alluvial deposits. The Orapa cluster, comprising approximately 60 known pipes and dykes is located in north-eastern Botswana, east of the Kalahari sub-basin. During the late-Cretaceous epoch (~93 Ma), the Orapa kimberlites were erupted through deformed Archaean basement overlain by volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup. The pipes are located near to the contact between the Archaean Limpopo belt and Zimbabwe craton which forms the suture zone with the Kaapvaal craton. The Limpopo belt (3500 – 2500 Ma) consists of complex metamorphic terrains composed of gneissic, granitic and metasedimentary rocks.The kimberlite pipes located within these mining licences form part of the Cretaceous-aged (144–65 Ma) Orapa Kimberlite Cluster. These kimberlites were emplaced through the complete sequence of local equivalents of the Karoo Supergroup rocks, which overlie rocks of the early Proterozoic Magondi Mobile Belt. The latter were thrust over the western edge of the Kaapvaal Craton, based on xenolith studies from Orapa and Letlhakane. The cratonic rocks in this area are composed of Archaean tonalitic gneiss. The Stormberg basalt at the top of the Karoo Supergroup is overlain by a thin cover of the Kalahari sands.The larger kimberlite bodies are typically steep-sided, carrot-shaped diatremes, but there are many examples of magmatic kimberlite plugs and small intrusions that terminate at the base of the basalt, or which were emplaced through the basalt as small dykes. The kimberlite bodies consist of several texturally distinct phases of kimberlite, varying from volcaniclastic to pyroclastic to hypabyssal kimberlite. The kimberlites at Orapa, Letlhakane and Damtshaa are all monogenetic (multi-vent) volcanoes.The kimberlite bodies consist of several texturally distinct phases of kimberlite in which the textures vary from volcaniclastic kimberlite, pyroclastic kimberlite to hypabyssal kimberlite. The kimberlites at Orapa, Letlhakane and Damtshaa are all monogenetic (multi-vent) volcanoes.Letlhakane mine: Tailings Mineral Resource is coarse processed kimberlite discarded from the ore processing plant. Old Recovery Tailings are heavy minerals discarded from the recovery section of the ore processing plant.The Orapa kimberlites are characterized by being high up in the volcanic crater area and having had to break through the extensive Karoo-aged basaltic lava flows to reach the surface. The kimberlites are often small in surface area but swell out below the basalts to be much larger than their surface expression suggests. The kimberlites often contain large quantities of fragmented basalt in their upper parts.
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