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Leonora Operation

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Summary

Mine TypeOpen Pit & Underground
StatusActive
Commodities
  • Gold
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
  • Longhole open stoping
  • Airleg stoping
Backfill type ... Lock
Production Start... Lock
Mine Life... Lock
SnapshotKing of the Hills (KOTH) Open Pit, KOTH Underground, and Darlot Underground (a satellite mine 100 kilometres north of KOTH) are collectively referred to as Leonora Operations following the merger of Red 5 Ltd. and Silver Lake Resources Ltd. in June 2024.

Darlot ore is being hauled to and treated at the KOTH processing plant. Darlot's 1.0Mtpa processing plant went into care and maintenance in July 2022.

Optimised Leonora operating strategy underway, underpinned by an upgraded and expanded KoTH processing plant and open pit operation.

The 2-stage expansion represents a $172 million investment, forecast to deliver a 50% increase in plant throughput (on current levels), increased gold recovery and lower unit costs, scheduled for completion during Q2 FY27.

On November 5, 2025, Vault Minerals Ltd. announced its decision to transition load and haul operations at the KOTH Open Pit to an owner-operator model, commencing 1 January 2027.
Latest NewsVault Minerals Limited, KoTH Open Pit to transition to owner mining     November 5, 2025
Related AssetDarlot Mine

Owners

SourceSource
CompanyInterestOwnership
Vault Minerals Ltd. 100 % Indirect
Vault Minerals Limited has been decided as the new name of the merged Red 5 and Silver Lake.

The King of the Hills are 100% held and managed by Greenstone Resources (WA) Pty Limited, a wholly owned subsidiary of Red 5 Limited.

The Darlot mine is operated through Red 5’s 100%-owned subsidiary company, Darlot Mining Company Pty Ltd.

Contractors

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Deposit type

  • Vein / narrow vein
  • Breccia pipe / Stockwork

Summary:

King of the Hills (KOTH) mine
The King of the Hills mineralisation is considered to be part of an Archaean orogenic gold deposit with many similar characteristics to other gold deposits within the Eastern Goldfields of the Yilgarn Craton. Gold mineralisation is associated with sheeted and stockwork quartz vein sets within a hosting granodiorite stock and pervasively carbonate altered ultramafic rocks. Mineralisation is thought to have occurred within a brittle/ductile shear zone, with the main thrust shear zone forming the primary conduit for the mineralising fluids. Pre-existing quartz veining and brittle fracturing of the granite created a network of second-order conduits for mineralising fluids. Brittle fracturing along the granodiorite contact generated radial tension veins perpendicular to the orientation of the granodiorite, and zones of quartz stockwork. These stockwork zones are seen in both the granodiorite and ultramafic units and contain mineralisation outside the modelled continuous vein system (High Grade Veins)

Gold appears as free particles (coarse gold) or associated with traces of base metals sulfides (galena, chalcopyrite, pyrite) intergrown within quartz along late-stage fractures. Mineralisation of HGV domains are defined by quartz veining, occurrence of sulfides (galena, chalcopyrite, and pyrite) and elevated gold grade (>0.5 g/t). Mineralisation of stockwork zones (bulk domains) is defined by stockwork quartz veining along the contact of the granodiorite/ultramafic and captures all drill intercepts in the deposit.

The main factors affecting continuity are structural offset quartz veining within the hosting granodiorite stock and the pervasively altered ultramafic rocks, and proximity to the granodiorite as mineralisation extends into the altered ultramafic rocks.

Potassic alteration in the form of sericite is occasionally associated with mineralisation within the granite, while fuchsite is often present in mineralised parts of the ultramafic rocks.

Mineralisation is over 3.7 km by length up to 770 m wide at the top of the granodiorite/ultramafic contact where the mineralisation is subhorizontal. Along the eastern contact in the northern half, the subvertical mineralisation is drilled down to a depth of approximately 590 m and the southern half mineralisation has been drilled to approximately 250 m below surface. Mineralisation is still open down dip on the eastern contact and down plunge along the northern contact.

Darlot mine
Darlot lies at the southern end of the south-southeast trending Yandal Greenstone Belt, a deformed and metamorphosed late Archaean volcano-sedimentary succession of which the eastern and western contacts are fault bound, characterised by strong deformation, metamorphism to lower amphibolite facies and characterised by interweaving of granite and greenstone rock units.

The mine sequence dips 30° to 50° northeast along the southwestern limb or a 3 km wavelength, open, north-northwest plunging syncline. This bimodal volcano-sedimentary succession is intruded by pre-deformational differentiated Mount Pickering dolerite sills and by several late-tectonic intrusions.

Gold mineralisation is associated with quartz veins and alteration haloes controlled by major structures or secondary splays and cross-linking structures.

Centenary, Oval, Lords Felsics, Lords South Lower and Pedersen are part of the Darlot Gold Mine.

Centenary
• The Centenary Deposit is sub-divided into twenty-five (25) mineralised domains with the steeper fault hosted domains such as Walters, Lords and Oval areas separated from the flatter wing vein hosted mineralisation such as the Grace-Marsh bulk and Boon North areas. There are also shallowly dipping domains such as the Benaud’s Link.

Pedersen
• The Pedersen Gold mineralisation is associated mainly with the Darlot Thrust and associated quartz veins and alteration haloes. Mineralisation is hosted by magnetic dolerite and magnetic quartz (porphyritic) dolerite rock types and, to a lesser extent, by non-magnetic dolerite and felsic volcanosedimentary rock types. Lamprophyre intrusions are present in the area with a variety of orientations. In most cases the lamprophyres are an un-favourable host rock for mineralisation and in most cases are barren.
• The Darlot Thrust and associated major quartz bearing structures typically dip at around 20° to the SE, with associated hanging-wall veins that dip between 0° and 20° to NW.
• The Pedersen Deposit is sub-divided into fifteen (15) mineralised domains.

Oval
• The Oval Deposit is sub-divided into six (6) mineralised domains with the steeper oval, oval foot-wall splays, Twelfth man and Burswood fault hosted domains separated from the flatter wing vein hosted mineralisation such as the hanging-wall and foot-wall lode areas, and the recently identified gently dipping Eldorado lodes, which sit between the Oval and the Eldorado Faults.
• The hanging-wall and foot-wall veins associated with the Oval mineralisation typically dip to the NW between ~5° and 25° with the Main Oval structure dipping at around 45° to the NW. The Twelfth man and Burswood fault structures which are similar to the Oval and dip at ~70° to the NW.

Lords Felsics & Lords South Lower (LSL)
• The Lords Felsics Deposit is sub-divided into eleven mineralised domains, with the steeper Lords and Newlands fault hosted domains separated from the flatter wing vein hosted mineralisation such as the hanging-wall and foot-wall lode areas.
• The LSL Deposit is sub-divided into three mineralised domains with the steeper fault hosted domains such as Walters, Lords and SRCG areas separated from the flatter wing vein hosted mineralisation such as the hanging-wall and foot-wall flat lodes.

Dimensions
• The Centenary deposit has an overall strike length of about 1.3km and a width of about 0.5km and extends from about 150m to 700m below the natural surface.
• The Pedersen deposit has an overall strike length of about 1,500m and a width of about 850 m and extends from just below the natural surface to a depth of about 450 m.
• The Oval deposit has an overall strike length of about 600 m and a width of about 600 m and extends from about 470m to 1,200 m below the natural surface.
• The Lords Felsics deposit has an overall strike length of about 1.75km and a width of about 900 m and extends from about 660m to 1,460 m below the natural surface.
• The Lords South Lower (LSL) deposit has an overall strike length of about 900 m and a width of about 600 m and extends from about 700m to 960m below the natural surface.

St George, Waikato, Waikato South, Mission & Cable, & Cornucopia North are mature deposits within Darlot mining operations (Darlot Open Pit Mineral Resource and Ore Reserve).

• The St George South Deposit is sub-divided into six (6) mineralised domains. Mineralisation is located about the Oval and Burswood Faults and is associated with quartz veins and alteration haloes, and is presumed to be analogous with the Centenary mineralisation and hence has similar characteristics.
• The Waikato Deposit is sub-divided into two mineralised domains. Mineralisation is located about the Waikato Thrust and is associated with quartz veins and alteration haloes.
• The Mission and Cable (MICA) deposits are sub-divided into twenty-two (22) and thirty-three (33) mineralised domains respectively, with all lodes dipping steeply to sub-vertically to the with little to no supergene enrichment observed. The Oxide zone lodes are assumed to be weathered analogues of the main lode which are exhibiting a primary trend like the fresh rock lodes. Some supergene mineralisation has been modelled at Cable.
• The Cornucopia North Deposit is in essence a paleo-placer deposit. It is sub-divided into eleven (11) mineralised domains.

Reserves

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Mining Methods

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Heavy Mobile Equipment

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Comminution

Crushers and Mills

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Processing

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Water usage

Parameter202320222021
Groundwater 2,780 ML2,882 ML86.7 ML

Commodity Production

The KOTH processing facility was commissioned in May 2022, production data for 2022 is represented for two months - May and June 2022.
CommodityUnits2025202420232022202120202019201820162015
Gold koz  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe102**48**9.1 50 
All production numbers are expressed as metal in doré. ^ Guidance / Forecast.
** Combined production for Darlot Mine and Leonora Operation

Operational metrics

Metrics20252024202320222020201920162015
Ore tonnes mined  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe403 kt457 kt
Waste OP  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe
Tonnes milled  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe76 kt392 kt
Annual processing capacity  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe

Production Costs

CommodityUnits20252024
Credits (by-product) Gold AUD  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe
Cash costs Gold AUD
All-in sustaining costs (sold) Gold AUD  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Gold AUD
^ Guidance / Forecast.
** Net of By-Product.

Mine Financials

Units202520242023
Capital expenditures (planned) M AUD
Capital expenditures M AUD  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe
Revenue M AUD  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe
Pre-tax Income M AUD  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe  ....  Subscribe
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Personnel

Mine Management

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Workforce

EmployeesYear
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Aerial view:

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