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Location: 22 km SE from Newcastle, South Africa
Thornhill Office Park, Building 5 94 Bekker Road, Ext 60 Vorna ValleyMidrandSouth Africa1686
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The Kliprand Colliery is an opencast operation, in the Klip River Coalfield of KwaZuluNatal. Faulting in the area is known to have disturbed the coal horisons by, in some cases, over 137m in the vertical plane. Two economic seams are present, namely the Top Seam (0.5 to 3.3m thick) of bright coal and the Bottom Seam (0.5 to 1.3m thick) with comparatively less coa. Although the quality varies across the seams they both yield a generally high grade product with ranks from bituminous coal to anthracite. The best quality coals are produced in the central part of the field, with qualities decreasing and seams thinning to the north and south. Devolatilization of the coal by doleritic intrusion has caused the formation of lean coal and anthracite for domestic use. Methane gas trapped within fissures associated with dyke intrusions can be hazardous.The Top Seam is often considered the correlation of the Alfred Seam within the Utrecht and Vryheid Coalfields. Similarly the Bottom Seam is considered the equivalent of the Gus Seam. The roof and floor conditions of the seams are variable across their extent, consisting of sandstone and shale. The seams are separated by coarse-grained cross-bedded sandstone that fines up to carbonaceous shale. This forms a competent (strata or rock structure combining sufficient firmness and flexibility to transmit pressure, and by flexure under thrust, to lift a superincumbent load*) roof to the bottom seam while the roof of the Top Seam is considerably weaker and composed of micaceous sandy shale. Floors of both seams are composed of incompetent (applied to strata, a formation or a rock structure not combining sufficient firmness and flexibility to transmit a thrust and to lift a load by bending ) micaceous or sandy shale.
