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Location: 19 km S from Virginia, South Africa
PRRG+R2 Theunissen, Free StateSouth Africa
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The main structures at Joel are associated with the Platberg Extension. These faults are north-south striking, steeply dipping and typically have downthrows to the east of 10m to 100m. These downthrows form a graben against the De Bron Fault, which has a 450m upthrow to the east. East of the De Bron Fault, the reef has been either truncated or eroded against the Karoo Supergroup.Minor east-west striking faults are also present. However, displacements on these faults are generally less than 10m, which are believed to be Klipriviersberg in age. Low angle reverse faulting is also present. These structures trend north-south, have small displacements and dip towards the east. These structures may be related to the central Rand Contractional event.The Klippan Formation has been preserved as an east-west trending erosional channel that has eroded deeply through the Witwatersrand sediments and has eliminated the Beatrix/VS5 horizon in the eastern portion of the mine and cut out a significant chunk in an east west direction through the middle of the lease area. Regionally the Klippan Formation is preserved in the north-south striking basin, known as the Virginia Basin in the Southern Free State, which parallels the De Bron Fault.A deep erosional channel of Platberg Group volcano-sedimentary rock, known as the Klippan Channel, truncates the Beatrix Reef some 1.8km to the north of south shaft. This washout feature is wedge-shaped with its apex to the west and widening to the east. The estimated dimension from the apex to the eastern property boundary is approximately 1.8km. The reef has been shown to be continuous to the north of this feature.Where unaffected by the Klippan Channel, the reef is bound to the east by the De Bron Fault, which strikes north-north-east. The CD Fault, which strikes north-east and is roughly halfway between the two shafts, has a 320m sinistral lateral displacement south of the fault towards the north-east.The complex nature of the reef has resulted in a highly irregular distribution of gold throughout the mining area. There are broad low- and high-grade zones over hundreds of metres, which are considered likely to be repeated within the reef environment beyond the limits of the current development. However, the detailed grade distribution within these zones remains very unpredictable.For the purposes of resource estimation, a detailed facies model is used and is based on detailed sedimentological observations.The reef currently exploited at Joel is the Beatrix Reef, which covers approximately 90% of the mine. The other economic reefs are the Hybrid BV Reef and the footwall reef (“Aandenk”) which cover the remaining 10% of Joel. Mineralisation is associated with the presence of medium to coarse, clast-supported oligomictic pebble horizons. The significant minerals in the deposit are pyrite (60%), quartz (35%) and garnets (5%) within medium to coarse, clast-supported oligomictic pebble horizons. Detrital carbon is also common.
