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Finland

Mustavaara Project

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Overview

Mine TypeOpen Pit
StagePermitting
Commodities
  • Vanadium
  • Iron Ore
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Mine Life... Lock
SnapshotKey permit and environmental monitoring work is ongoing at Mustavaara.

Owners

SourceSource
CompanyInterestOwnership
Strategic Resources Inc. 100 % Indirect
On February 10 th 2020, Strategic Resources Inc. announced that it had successfully applied for Reservations over the Mustavaara mine area. The company also acquired all of the intellectual property together with the core samples from the 2011 drill campaign and storage facilities associated with Mustavaara from the bankruptcy estate of Ferrovan Oy (Strategic Resources, 2020).

The Mustavaara project consists of three exploration reservations and has a surface extent of 2,660 hectares. All reservations have been approved by Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency (Tukes) and are valid until February 9 th , 2022.

Deposit type

  • Magmatic
  • Intrusion related

Summary:

The Mustavaara deposit is characteristic of a vanadiferous titanomagnetite deposit (VTM), which are typical mafic layered intrusions.

Mustavaara magnetite gabbro lies in the upper part of the Porttivaara intrusion (part of Koillismaa igneous complex) where it forms a coherent layer following the general layering of the intrusion. The magnetite gabbro is plagioclaseaugite-ilmenomagnetite adcumulate with sharp lower contact and gradual upper contact which is characteristic for VTM deposits.

The Mustavaara deposit is a vanadium bearing magnetite gabbro horizon which is part of a large mafic layered intrusive complex, known as the Koillismaa Layered Igneous Complex. The age of the intrusion is approximately 2,400 to 2,500 Ma. This sheet like body intruded into the Archean basement as a single body with a total length of 100 km and a thickness of up to 3 km. This body has separated into at least 5 distinct large blocks due to later folding and faulting. The block containing the Mustavaara deposit is the Porttivaara Block, with a total approximate length of 19 km.

The layered intrusion is divided into a marginal series (50 to 250 m thick) at the base and a thick layered series (up to 2,500 m thick) making up the bulk of the intrusion. The layered series is mainly composed of norites, gabbronorites, leucogabbros and anorthosites. The ore- bearing Mustavaara magnetite-gabbro occurs in the upper part of the layered series, surrounded by anorthosite rocks. The ore-horizon is a sheet-like body that trends east-west over a total strike length of approximately 15km within the Porttivaara Block. The ore-horizon generally dips 35°- 45° to the north. The thickness progressively increases from east to west up to a maximum of 200 m, while the average magnetite concentrate decreases to the west from 20% in the east to less than 10% in the western part.

Genetically, the vanadium rich magnetite gabbro is considered to be of magmatic origin formed as a segregation from an iron-rich liquid.

According to Karinen et al. (2015), the Mustavaara vanadiferous titanomagnetite (VTM) deposit was formed by gravity concentration of iron oxide crystals, or by sorting of a magnetite slurry. In the Panzhihua Complex, VTM deposit formation via gravitational accumulation has been suggested as well as fractional crystallisation of Fe-Ti-V oxides (Gao et al. 2019). Repetition of these mechanisms has led to the formation of several stratified layers of magnetite ore. In Mustavaara the magnetite crystals contain thin lamellae of ilmenite and are generally referred to as ilmenomagnetite. Iron content of the ilmenomagnetite concentrate is around 62 - 63% Fe and the average vanadium contents in the magnetite concentrate from the four units is approximately 0.9% V. At Mustavaara the amount of ilmenomagnetite in magnetite gabbro changes in such a regular way that the ilmenomagnetite layer can be divided into four separate layers. The three lowermost layers comprise the main constituent of the Mustavaara ore deposit and they are called: ore lower layer (OLL), ore middle layer (OML) and ore upper layer (OUL). The highest ilmenomagnetite content of 20 – 35 wt.% is in OLL (footwall contact), which forms a narrow and continuous layer (0.2 – 4 m) just above and following the footwall contact. OUL (hanging wall contact) forms a thicker (20 – 40 m) and continuous layer along the hanging wall contact in the main ore layer and has ilmenomagnetite content of 18 – 25 wt.%. In the thickest (10 – 50 m) OML the ilmenomagnetite content is 10 – 15 wt.%.

The fourth layer above the hanging wall contact consists of weakly disseminated ilmenomagnetite and is labelled as the ore disseminated layer (ODL). The ODL is the most inhomogeneous layer, which contains scattered anorthosite, and anorthosite gabbro fragments and compact magnetite veins. The anorthosite gabbro waste rock blocks do not necessarily follow the general layering and are randomly oriented. Upwards, the ilmenomagnetite dissemination gradually decrease and the amount of anorthosite gabbro blocks and layers in the magnetite gabbro increase. This happens until the rock is a heterogeneous anorthosite gabbro containing specks of magnetite gabbro. In this disseminated layer the ilmenomagnetite content usually varies from 2 - 10 wt.%.

The magnetite gabbro horizon dips 30 to 40° to the north. In the westernmost part (800 m) the thickness of the coherent ilmenomagnetite ore layer (OLL+OML+OUL) is 60 – 95 metres. Eastward (700 m) the thickness of the ore layer is quite consistent at 40 – 50 metres. In the easternmost part, over a distance of 200 m, the dip starts to steepen from 40 to 70°. Over the same distance the thickness of the ore layer starts to become thinner, from 40 meters to 10 metres thick, until it finally dies out completely.

Reserves

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Mining Methods

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Comminution

Crushers and Mills

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Processing

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Production

CommodityProductUnitsAvg. AnnualLOM
Iron Metal in concentrate kt 5,676
Vanadium Metal in concentrate kt 82
Iron Pig kt 329
Ferrovanadium FeV80 t 4,577
Iron (magnetite) Concentrate kt 505
Titanium dioxide Slag kt 83

Operational metrics

Metrics
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Waste tonnes, LOM  ....  Subscribe
Ore tonnes mined, LOM  ....  Subscribe
Total tonnes mined, LOM  ....  Subscribe
* According to 2021 study.

Production Costs

CommodityAverage
Credits (by-product) Ferrovanadium  ....  Subscribe
Cash costs Ferrovanadium  ....  Subscribe
Credits (by-product) Iron  ....  Subscribe
Cash costs Iron  ....  Subscribe
Total cash costs Ferrovanadium  ....  Subscribe
Total cash costs Iron  ....  Subscribe
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Ferrovanadium  ....  Subscribe
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Iron  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Ferrovanadium  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Titanium dioxide  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Iron  ....  Subscribe
* According to 2021 study / presentation.
** Net of By-Product.

Operating Costs

Currency2021
OP mining costs ($/t mined) EUR  ....  Subscribe
OP mining costs ($/t milled) EUR  ....  Subscribe
* According to 2021 study.

Project Costs

MetricsUnitsLOM Total
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Sustaining CapEx $M EUR  ......  Subscribe
Total CapEx $M EUR  ......  Subscribe
OP OpEx $M EUR  ......  Subscribe
Processing OpEx $M EUR 2,197
Freight costs $M EUR 179.3
G&A costs $M EUR 81.5
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Gross revenue (LOM) $M EUR  ......  Subscribe
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Pre-tax NPV @ 8% $M EUR  ......  Subscribe
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Required Heavy Mobile Equipment

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Personnel

Mine Management

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required May 4, 2021
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 6, 2024
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 6, 2024

Total WorkforceYear
...... Subscription required 2021

Aerial view:

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