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Mexico
Camino Rojo Project

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 Location:
175 km NE from Fresnillo, Zacatecas, Mexico

  Project Contacts:
Av. Pedro Coronel No. 94
Guadalupe
Zacatecas, Mexico
98619
Phone  ...  Subscription required
Fax01(492)-925-6831
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Fleet
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageConstruction
Mine TypeOpen Pit
Commodities
  • Gold
  • Silver
  • Lead
  • Zinc
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Processing
  • Filter press plant
  • Smelting
  • Heap leach
  • Merrill–Crowe
  • Cyanide (reagent)
Mine Life10.4 years (as of Jan 1, 2021)
Latest NewsOrla Mining Completes Layback Agreement on Camino Rojo Oxide Project with Receipt of Mexican Anti-Trust Approval     February 26, 2021


Owners

Source: p. 20
CompanyInterestOwnership
Orla Mining Ltd. 100 % Indirect
The Camino Rojo property, located in Zacatecas State, Mexico, is 100% owned by Orla Mining Ltd. (Orla) through its Mexican subsidiary Minera Camino Rojo S.A. de C.V. (MCR).

Deposit Type

  • Skarn
  • Vein / narrow vein


Summary:

The observed geologic and geochemical characteristics of the gold-silver-lead-zinc deposit at Camino Rojo are consistent with those of a distal oxidized gold skarn deposit. Characteristics of these deposits (Meinert, L.D., Dipple, G.M., and Nicolescu, S., 2005) are summarized as:
- Typically found in lithologies containing some limestone, but deposits not restricted to limestones
- Formed by regional or contact metamorphic processes by metasomatic fluids, often of magmatic origin.
- Typically zoned deposits with a general pattern of garnet and pyroxene minerals proximal to the mineralizing heat and fluid source, and distal zones of bleaching.
- Low total sulphide content.
- Sulphide mineralogy comprised of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, and galena.
- Highest gold grades are associated with late relatively lower temperature mineralizing events, often with potassium feldspar and quartz gangue.
- May be transitional to epithermal deposits.

The near surface portion of the Camino Rojo deposit has characteristics consistent with those of the distal skarn zone, transitional to epithermal mineralization, and overlies garnet bearing skarn mineralization encountered in the deeper portions of the system.

Skarn deposits often exhibit predictable patterns of mineral zoning and metal zoning. Application of skarn zoning models to exploration allows for inferences about the possible lateral and depth extents of the mineralized system at the Camino Rojo deposit and can be used to guide further exploration drill programs.

The mineralization is polymetallic, comprised of Au, Ag, As, Zn, and Pb. For purposes of evaluation of the oxide resource potential, only Au is of potential significance. During Dr. Gray’s site visit, the only megascopically observed ore and gangue metallic minerals were pyrite, marmatite (Fe-rich sphalerite), sphalerite, and arsenopyrite.

Mineralization was observed to be multi-phase, comprising as many as 4 separate but related mineralizing pulses (inferred from observations of drill core). At hand specimen scale, mineralization is controlled by bedding and fractures. The sandy and silty beds of the turbidite sequences of the Caracol Formation are preferentially mineralized, with pyrite disseminations and semi-massive stringers hosted within them, presumably due to higher porosity and permeability relative to the enclosing shale beds. Basal layers of the turbiditic sandstone beds are often preferentially mineralized. Bedding discordant open space filling fractures and structurally controlled breccia zones host banded sulphide veins and sulphide matrix breccias. Some higher grade vein and breccia zones are localized along the margins of dikes of intermediate composition.

Dr. Gray observed mineralization in drill core over vertical intervals greater than 400 meters, with mineralization occurring in a broad NE-SW trending elongate zone as much as 300m wide and 700m long.

Oxidation was observed to range from complete oxidation in the uppermost portions of the deposit, generally underlain or surrounded by a zone of mixed oxide and sulphide mineralization where oxidation is complete along fracture zones and within permeable strata, but lacking in the remainder of the rock, which then is generally underlain by a sulphide zone in which no oxidation is observed.

Oxidation of the deposit is ~100%, extending from surface to depths of 100 to 150 meters. The underlying transitional zone of mixed oxide/sulphide extends over a vertical interval in excess of 100 meters, and is characterized by partial oxidation controlled by bedding and structures.

The sandy layers of the turbiditic sequence are preferentially oxidized, creating a stratigraphically interlayered sequence of oxide and sulphide material at the cm scale, with oxidation along structures affecting all strata. The partial oxidation of the Caracol Formation preferentially oxidizes the mineralized strata thus incomplete oxidation in the transition zone may result in nearly complete oxidation of the gold bearing portion of the rock, thus the metallurgical characteristics of mixed oxide/sulphide may vary greatly, with some material exhibiting characteristics similar to oxide material.

The distribution of mineralization at Camino Rojo is controlled by both primary bedding and discordant structures. Near surface oxidation extends to depths in excess of 100m, and extends to greater depths along structurally controlled zones of fracturing and permeability.


Mining Methods

  • Truck & Shovel / Loader


Summary:

Mine operations will consist of drilling medium diameter blast holes (approximately 17 cm), blasting with explosive emulsions or ANFO (ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) depending on water conditions, and loading into large off-road trucks with hydraulic shovels and wheel loaders. Resource will be delivered to the primary crusher and waste to the waste storage facility southeast of the pit. There will also be a low-grade stockpile facility to store marginally economic Mineral Reserves for processing at the end of commercial pit operations. There will be a fleet of track dozers, rubber-tired dozers, motor graders and water trucks to maintain the working areas of the pit, waste storage areas, and haul roads.

A mine plan was developed to supply Mineral Reserves to a conventional crushing and heap leach plant with the capacity to process 18,000 tpd (6,570 ktpy). The mine is scheduled to operate two 10-hour shifts per day for 365 days per year.

Eventually, mining will be conducted below the water table, probably during Year 4 of commercial operation. Estimates of pit dewatering requirements have been prepared for cost estimation purposes. These are based on the median expected water in-flows. Additional hydrogeological studies underway will allow a better estimate of the pit dewatering requirements.

The recommended slope design is based on a 38° IR angle for the post mineral rocks on the east side of the pit. The south wall is designed at a 53° IR angle based on double benching 10m benches. Lithology is dipping into the wall on the south side so it is expected to be relatively stable. It is assumed that controlled blasting, such as pre-splitting, will be required to maintain the bench face angles and catch benches.

The north and west walls are based on single benching (10m) the upper 50m of the wall at IR angles ranging from 37o to 41.5o and double benching below that at IR angles ranging from 42o
to 47o. Pre-splitting is also assumed to maintain the face angles and catch benches. This is the design basis for the final pit.

The final pit design is based on the results of a floating cone and Lerchs-Grossman analysis using the parameters discussed in the previous section. The design includes haul roads and sufficient working room for the equipment. The road is 25m wide at a maximum grade of 10%. This will accommodate trucks of approximately 100 tonne capacity such as the Caterpillar 777 class truck.

The mine plan is based on three mining phases. The phase 1 starter pit targets relatively high grade Mineral Reserves in the central portion of the deposit. Phase 2 pushes the pit to final mining limits in the east and a portion of the north side. The phase 3 final pit pushes walls to final positions in the north, west, and south.


Crushing and Grinding
Crusher / Mill TypeModelSizePowerQuantity
Jaw crusher 1.5m x 2m 1
Cone crusher 500 HP 2

Summary:

The following major components are included in the crushing facility:

• 200-tonne ROM Dump hopper with static grizzly;
• Hydraulic Rock breaker;
• 2,134mm x 7.32m Apron feeder;
• 1.52m x 3.05m Vibrating grizzly feeder;
• 1500mm x 2000mm Primary jaw crusher;
• Two each 2.4m x 7.3m Double deck vibrating screens;
• Two each 500 HP Standard cone crushers; and
• Associated transfer conveyors, chutes and instruments.

ROM ore will be transported from the mine pit in 53-tonne surface haul trucks and will either be directly dumped into the crusher dump hopper or stockpiled in a ROM stockpile; approximately 4.4 million tonnes of low-grade material from the pit will be stockpiled in a low-grade stockpile and processed at the end of the mine life. Stockpiled ore from the ROM stockpile will be reclaimed by a 992 front-end loader and fed to the dump hopper as needed, primarily for the daily four-hour period when mining operations are suspended. Oversized rocks or large lumps will be broken using a rock breaker. The crushing plant will process an average of 18,000 tonnes of ore per day.

Ore will be fed from the ROM dump hopper to a vibrating grizzly feeder via an apron feeder. The vibrating grizzly feeder will have parallel bars spaced 175mm apart with grizzly oversize being fed to the primary jaw crusher and the grizzly undersize being recombined with the jaw crusher product on the primary crusher discharge conveyor. The primary jaw crusher will operate with a 175mm discharge setting and has been oversized to allow for increased throughput for potential future expansion. The primary crusher discharge conveyor transfers primary crushed ore to the screen feed conveyor, which feeds the secondary screens. A tramp metal electromagnet and metal detector will be installed on the primary crusher discharge conveyor to protect the secondary crushers.

Primary crushed ore will be fed to a splitter chute by the secondary screen feed conveyor which directly feeds the two secondary screens. The secondary screens splitter chute will be equipped with an adjustable gate to allow for control and accurate split of the crushed material between the screens. The secondary screening circuit includes two double-deck vibrating screens with 100mm and 38mm top and bottom deck openings, respectively. Oversize material (+38mm) will be fed to the secondary cone crushers and undersize (-38mm) will be transferred to the crushed product stockpile stacker by the secondary screen undersize conveyor. Oversize material will be crushed by the secondary standard cone crushers which will operate with a 38mm closed side setting and will discharge onto the secondary crushers discharge conveyor. The secondary crushing circuit will be operated in closed circuit with the secondary crusher discharge conveyor feeding a recycle conveyor which recycles the cone product to the secondary screen feed conveyor.

The secondary screen undersize (crushed product) will be 80% passing 28mm (100% passing 38mm). Crushed product will be transferred to the crushed product stockpile stacker by the screen undersize conveyor located beneath the secondary screens. The crushed product will be stockpiled in a conical stockpile which will be reclaimed using belt feeders and conveyed to the leach pad for stacking. The crushed product stockpile is approximately 60m in diameter and has an estimated live capacity of 6,000 tonnes, or about 8 hours of operation.

A modular motor control centre will be located in a container near the secondary crushing circuit. A PLC control unit will be located in a central control room which will control and monitor all crushing equipment, as well as monitor the conveyor stacking equipment. All of the conveyors will be interlocked so that if one conveyor trips out, all upstream conveyors and the vibrating grizzly feeder will also trip. This interlocking is designed to prevent large spills and equipment damage. Both of these features are considered necessary to meet the design utilization for the system.

Water sprays will be located at all material transfer points to reduce dust generation by the crushing circuit.


Processing

  • Filter press plant
  • Smelting
  • Heap leach
  • Merrill–Crowe
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Flow Sheet: Subscription required

Summary:

Ore will be mined using standard open pit mining methods and delivered to the crushing circuit using haul trucks which will direct-dump into a dump hopper; front-end loaders will feed material to the dump hopper as needed from a ROM stockpile located near the primary crusher. Ore will be crushed at a rate of 18,000 tonnes per day to a final product size of 80% passing 28mm (100% passing 38mm) using a two-stage closed crushing circuit. The crushing circuit will operate 7 days/week, 24 hours/day with an overall estimated availability of 75%.

The crushed product will be stockpiled using a fixed stacker, reclaimed by belt feeders to a reclaim conveyor, and conveyed to the heap stacking system by an overland conveyor system. Pebble lime will be added to the reclaim conveyor belt for pH control; agglomeration with cement is not needed.

Stacked ore will be leached using a drip irrigation system for solution application; sprinkler irrigation will be used beginning in Ye ........

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameterAvg. LOM
Gold Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required
Gold Head Grade, g/t 0.73
Silver Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required
Silver Head Grade, g/t 14.6
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Projected Production:

CommodityProductUnitsAvg. AnnualLOM
Gold Payable metal oz 978,946
Gold Metal in doré oz 94,000979,681
Silver Payable metal oz  ......  Subscription required
Silver Metal in doré oz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Gold Equivalent Payable metal oz  ......  Subscription required
Gold Equivalent Metal in doré oz  ......  Subscription required

* According to 2021 study.

Reserves at January 11, 2021:
Mineral Reserves are based on NSR cut-offs that vary by time period to balance mine and plant production capacities. They range from a low of $4.93/t to a high of $12.00/t.
Mineral Resources are based on NSR cut-off of $4.73/t for leach material and $13.71/t for mill material.

CategoryOreTypeTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven Total 18,067 kt Gold 0.8 g/t 466 koz
Proven Total 18,067 kt Silver 15.4 g/t 8,951 koz
Probable Total 49,296 kt Gold 0.71 g/t 1,123 koz
Probable Total 49,296 kt Silver 14.2 g/t 22,555 koz
Proven & Probable Total 67,363 kt Gold 0.73 g/t 1,588 koz
Proven & Probable Total 67,363 kt Silver 14.5 g/t 31,506 koz
Measured Total 22,749 kt Gold 0.76 g/t 556.5 koz
Measured Total 22,749 kt Silver 14.1 g/t 10,302 koz
Measured Total 3,358 kt Lead 0.13 % 9.3 M lbs
Measured Total 3,358 kt Zinc 0.38 % 28.2 M lbs
Indicated Total 330,694 kt Gold 0.84 g/t 8,902 koz
Indicated Total 330,694 kt Silver 8.5 g/t 90,078 koz
Indicated Total 255,445 kt Lead 0.07 % 404.3 M lbs
Indicated Total 255,445 kt Zinc 0.26 % 1,469 M lbs
Measured & Indicated Total 353,443 kt Gold 0.83 g/t 9,459 koz
Measured & Indicated Total 353,443 kt Silver 8.8 g/t 100,379 koz
Measured & Indicated Total 353,443 kt Lead 0.07 % 413.6 M lbs
Measured & Indicated Total 258,803 kt Zinc 0.26 % 1,497 M lbs
Inferred Total 60,919 kt Gold 0.87 g/t 1,697 koz
Inferred Total 60,919 kt Silver 7.4 g/t 14,518 koz
Inferred Total 56,564 kt Lead 0.05 % 63.1 M lbs
Inferred Total 56,564 kt Zinc 0.23 % 290.4 M lbs

2021 Study Costs and Valuation Metrics :

MetricsUnitsLOM Total
Initial CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Working capital $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Sustaining CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Closure costs $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Total CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
OP OpEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Processing OpEx $M USD 215.6
G&A costs $M USD 108
Total OpEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Income Taxes $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Total Taxes $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Royalty payments $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Net revenue (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax NPV @ 5% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax NPV @ 5% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax NPV @ 10% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax IRR, %  ......  Subscription required
After-tax IRR, %  ......  Subscription required
After-tax payback period, years  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Proposed Heavy Mobile Equipment as of January 11, 2021:
HME TypeModelSizeQuantityLeased or
Contractor
Dozer (crawler) ....................... Subscription required 231 kW 3 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 3 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 2 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 2 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 1 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 2 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 14 Leased
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 2 Leased
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 12, 2021
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jan 11, 2021
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jan 11, 2021
Subscription required - Subscription is required.


Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Feasibility Study Report 2021
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
Technical Report 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2016
Annual Report 2015
Preliminary Economic Assessment 2009
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

News:

NewsDate
Orla Mining Completes Layback Agreement on Camino Rojo Oxide Project with Receipt of Mexican Anti-Trust Approval February 26, 2021
Orla Mining Files Updated Feasibility Study Technical Report on Camino Rojo Oxide Project February 9, 2021
Orla Mining Increases Gold Mineral Reserves by 54% With Updated Feasibility Study at the Camino Rojo Oxide Gold Project January 11, 2021
Orla Mining completes second tranche drawdown of US$50 million on Project Finance Facility November 2, 2020
Orla Mining Receives Environmental Permit Required for the Construction of the Camino Rojo Oxide Gold Project August 13, 2020
Orla Mining Announces Closing of C$75,030,000 Bought Deal Financing April 3, 2020
Orla Mining Announces C$75,030,000 Bought Deal Financing March 26, 2020
Orla Mining Announces Layback Agreement with Fresnillo to Expand the Camino Rojo Oxide Gold Project March 23, 2020
Camino Rojo Oxide Gold Project Advances Towards Production December 18, 2019
Orla Mining Awards EPCM Contract for Camino Rojo to M3 Engineering September 9, 2019
Orla Mining Files Feasibiliy Study Technical Report on Camino Rojo Oxide Gold Project August 7, 2019
Orla Mining Raises $3.6 Million Through Early Warrant Exercise Incentive Program July 15, 2019
Orla Mining Announces Positive Feasibility Study Results for the Camino Rojo Oxide Gold Project June 25, 2019
Orla Mining Announces Early Warrant Exercise Incentive Program to Raise up to $4.2 Million May 14, 2019
Orla Mining Files Final Base Shelf Prospectus in Preparation for Construction of the Camino Rojo Oxide Project March 11, 2019
Orla Mining Files Preliminary Economic Assessment Technical Report on Camino Rojo Project July 13, 2018
Orla Mining to Release Camino Rojo Preliminary Economic Assessment and Host Conference Call on May 29th, 2018 May 29, 2018

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