Overview
Status | Care and Maintenance |
Mine Type | Underground |
Commodities |
- PGM
- Gold
- Platinum
- Palladium
- Rhodium
- Nickel
- Copper
|
Mining Method |
|
Twickenham has been under care and maintenance since 2016. The completion of prefeasibility studies shows that the Mineral Resource can be economically extracted (RPEEE), supported by improved commodity prices. Construction of a concentrator and related infrastructure is required to process ore mined hence consideration of capital investment, commodity prices and global economic headwinds is vital in enabling a sustainable operation through commodity cycles. As such, Anglo American Platinum is exploring options that may lead to the resumption of mining activities in a sustainable way. Since Twickenham was placed on care and maintenance, no exploration activities have occurred. |
Source:
p. 105
Company | Interest | Ownership |
Anglo American plc.
|
76.99 %
|
Indirect
|
Rustenburg Platinum Mines Ltd.
(operator)
|
100 %
|
Direct
|
Anglo American plc. through its subsidiary Rustenburg Platinum Mines owns 76.99% of the Twickenham mine.
Contractors
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Summary:
Formed over two billion years ago as a result of multiple injections of magma into the earth’s crust many kilometres below the surface, the Bushveld Complex is geologically unique due to its size, uniformity of its layering and extent of known mineral content.
Twickenham is located in the eastern limb of the Bushveld Complex, north of the Steelpoort fault. The main economic horizons and PGM mineralisation are the UG2 and the Merensky reefs. Both reefs subcrop on the property, striking roughly north north-west/south south-east at an average dip of 15° to the south-west over a strike length of 16km. The UG2 and Merensky reefs are separated by approximately 400m of mafic cumulate rocks.
Merensky Reef has a thickness that range from 100cm to 200cm, with an average thickness of 140cm. The mineralisation occurs mainly in a poikilitic plagioclase pyroxenite bound by thin chromitite stringers and associated pegmatoidal textures, which contain the highest PGM grades. The UG2 Reef chromitite layer varies in thickness from 30cm to 110cm (average of 62cm), overlain by up to five chromitite stringers varying in thickness from 2mm to 1cm. The immediate footwall of the UG2 Reef is usually a pegmatoidal feldspathic pyroxenite, which varies in thickness from a few centimetres to 200cm, with an average of 60cm.
The topography consists of a long valley between the fairly rugged Leolo mountain range, comprising Main Zone gabbro and gabbro-norites. The tectonic ........
Summary:
Twickenham was placed on care and maintenance in 2016.
The mine offers prospects for shallow mechanised mining on both the Merensky Reef and UG2 Reef horizons. Anglo American Platinum is evaluating options through studies that may bring Twickenham into production and ensure sustainability of the operation in the future.
During 2014 various options were considered for the conversion of the conventional mine to a mechanised mine. These included a trade-off study on conventional mining versus on-reef mechanised mining methods, including LP bord and pillar and ULP/XLP mining methods, which indicated that the on-reef mechanised ULP mining method would yield the highest value accretion with an optimum extraction profile.
Flow Sheet:
Summary:
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Production:
Commodity | Units | 2016 | 2015 |
PGM
|
koz
| 7.4 | 32 |
Platinum
|
koz
| ...... | ...... |
Palladium
|
koz
| ...... | ...... |
Rhodium
|
koz
| ...... | ...... |
Gold
|
koz
| | ...... |
Nickel
|
kt
| | |
All production numbers are expressed as metal in concentrate.
Operational Metrics:
Metrics | 2016 | 2015 |
Ore tonnes mined
| 67 kt | 306 kt |
Tonnes milled
| 54 kt | 279 kt |
Reserves at December 31, 2019:
As of December 31, 2023, there were no changes in the reported Mineral Resources at Twickenham compared to December 31, 2019.
Category | Tonnage | Commodity | Grade | Contained Metal |
Measured & Indicated
|
335.7 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
5.62 g/t
|
60.7 M oz
|
Inferred
|
313.9 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
5.55 g/t
|
56 M oz
|
Total Resource
|
649.6 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
5.59 g/t
|
116.7 M oz
|
Operating Costs:
| Units | 2016 |
UG mining costs ($/t milled)
|
ZAR
| 5,411 |
Financials:
| Units | 2017 |
Capital expenditures
|
M ZAR
|
7
|
Revenue
|
M ZAR
|
|
EBIT
|
M ZAR
|
|
EBITDA
|
M ZAR
|
|
Operating Cash Flow
|
M ZAR
|
|
Mine Management:
Job Title | Name | Profile | Ref. Date |
.......................
|
.......................
|
|
Mar 18, 2024
|
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Corporate Filings & Presentations:
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