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South Africa
Kloof Mine

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 Location:
11 km SW from Westonaria, South Africa

  Address:
Constantia Office Park Cnr 14th Avenue & Hendrik Potgieter Road Bridgeview House Ground floor
Weltevreden Park
South Africa
1709
Phone+27-11-278-9600
Fax+27-11-278-9863
EmailEmail
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Gold
Mining Method
  • Scattered stoping
  • Breast mining
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Shaft Depth 3,347 m
Production Start1934
Mine Life2032
Kloof consists of five producing shafts, namely No.1 Shaft, No. 3 Shaft (in the process of closing), No. 4 Shaft, No. 7 Shaft and No. 8 Shaft.

Ore is processed at two mineral processing plants. No. 1 Plant is situated near No. 1 Shaft and is used primarily for the treatment of surface material. No. 2 Plant, formerly the Leeudoorn Plant, is situated near No. 7 Shaft and is used to treat the underground material. In addition, selected Kloof surface rock dump material (SRD) is toll treated at the Ezulwini processing plant.


Owners

Source: p. 8
CompanyInterestOwnership
Sibanye-Stillwater Ltd. 100 % Direct
Ownership Tree

Contractors



Deposit Type

  • Conglomerate hosted

Source: Source

Summary:

Kloof is a deep level underground gold mine located along the northern and southwestern margins of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa. This mine is typical of the many Witwatersrand Basin operations, which have been the primary contributors to South Africa’s production of a significant portion of the world’s recorded gold output since 1886.

The Witwatersrand Basin comprises a 6,000-meter vertical thickness of sedimentary rocks, extending laterally for some 350 kilometres northeast to southwest by some 120 kilometres northwest to southeast, generally dipping at shallow angles toward the centre of the Witwatersrand Basin. The Witwatersrand Basin outcrops at its northern extent near Johannesburg, but to the west, south and east it is overlaid by up to 4,000 meters of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The Witwatersrand Basin is Archaean in age, meaning the sedimentary rocks are of the order of 2.8 billion years old.

Gold mineralisation occurs within laterally extensive quartz pebble conglomerate beds called reefs, which are developed above unconformable surfaces near the basin margin. As a result of faulting and primary controls on mineralisation processes, the goldfields are not continuous and are characterised by the presence or dominance of different reef units. The reefs are generally less than two meters in thickness and are widely considered to represent laterally extensive braided fluvial deposits or unconfined flow deposits, which formed along the flanks of alluvial fan systems around the edge of an inland sea. Dykes and sills of diabase or dolerite composition are developed within the Witwatersrand Basin and are associated with several intrusive and extrusive events.

Gold generally occurs in native form, often associated with pyrite, carbon and uranium. Pyrite and gold within the reefs display a variety of forms, some obviously indicative of detrital transport within the depositional system and others suggesting crystallisation within the reef itself.

As early as 1923, the presence of uranium was noted in the Witwatersrand reefs. It was found that on average the reefs contain about 0.03% uranium and as a by-product of gold relatively low uranium grades can be recovered. Notwithstanding different opinions as to the origin of the uranium in the reefs, most theories accept localisation of both gold and uranium a function of sedimentary textures. Metal concentrations are directly related to the reefs. Exploration programmes and eventual evaluation of gold and uranium according to a placer philosophy, prove to be highly successful.

The most fundamental controls of gold and uranium distribution are the primary sedimentary features such as facies variation and channel directions. Consequently, the modeling of sedimentary features within the reefs and the correlation of payable grades within certain facies is key to in situ reserve estimation, as well as effective operational mine planning and grade control.


Mining Methods

  • Scattered stoping
  • Breast mining
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader

Source: p.112,113

Summary:

The Kloof operation is a mature, established mine with all the permanent infrastructure required to access and mine the underground ore.

Mining method:
• Underground: Scattered-conventional breast mining;
• Surface SRD’s: Load, Haul and Dump (LHD) trucks.

The Kloof Integration Project aims to optimise and rationalise the infrastructure between No. 3 and No. 4 Shafts, and between No. 1 and No. 3 Shafts, resulting in significant cost savings. Rationalisation of infrastructure between No. 3 and No. 4 Shaft has allowed for the phased closure of No. 3 Sub Vertical Shaft by Q1 2022. The final phase requires the closure of the main barrel in 2023. This phase entails the re-opening of old development between No. 1 and No. 3 Shafts which will allow the mining of the remaining VCR at No. 3 Shaft, as well as significant secondary reef potential on the LR and KR from No. 1 Shaft, well into the latter part of the Kloof LoM.

The Kloof Integration Project also involves the development of inclined access between 41 Level at No. 4 Shaft up to 40 Level at No. 7 Shaft. The development of this phase is complete and equipping is in progress. An additional phase of the same project entails a similar access to link 42 and 43 Levels. This project will allow access via No. 7 Shaft resulting in more face time for crews. The access development for this phase started in 2021.

The Kloof No. 4 Shaft Depth Extension Project, consists of a decline two levels below infrastructure. The decline between 45 and 46 Levels has been developed, and the remaining portion of the decline to 47 Level is in progress. The access ramp is being developed by means of mechanised mining equipment. Once the access has been completed, raisebore drill holes will be drilled and reamed back up to 45 Level for infrastructure and return ventilation purposes. The first raisebore hole will be completed early in 2022.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Carbon in leach (CIL)
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Source: Source

Summary:

Kloof’s operations comprise two metallurgical gold plants:

• Kloof 1 CIL plant – operational, processing underground and SRD material, Design capacity of 180 ktpm;
• Kloof 2 CIP plant – operational, processing underground material, Design capacity of 165 ktpm.


Production:

CommodityUnits202120202019201820172016
Gold koz 352352349490528489
All production numbers are expressed as metal in doré.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics202120202019201820172016
Tonnes milled 6,003 kt6,895 kt7,357 kt7,108 kt5,844 kt4,676 kt

Reserves at December 31, 2021:
Average Weighted Resource Cut-of is 700 cm.g/t Au.

CategoryOreTypeTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven Total 12.7 Mt Gold 6.2 g/t 2.5 M oz
Probable Total 11.1 Mt Gold 3.5 g/t 1.2 M oz
Proven & Probable Total 23.8 Mt Gold 5 g/t 3.8 M oz
Measured Total 26.7 Mt Gold 11.1 g/t 9.5 M oz
Indicated Total 32 Mt Gold 6.7 g/t 6.9 M oz
Measured & Indicated Total 58.7 Mt Gold 8.7 g/t 16.4 M oz
Inferred Total 28.1 Mt Gold 11.5 g/t 10.4 M oz
Total Resource Total 101.8 Mt Gold 9.5 g/t 31 M oz

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits202120202019201820172016
Total cash costs (sold) Gold USD 835 / oz   722 / oz  
All-in sustaining costs (sold) Gold USD 1,805 / oz†   1,444 / oz†   1,555 / oz†   1,150 / oz†   1,007 / oz†   905 / oz†  
All-in costs Gold USD 1,843 / oz†   1,471 / oz†   1,576 / oz†   1,172 / oz†   1,027 / oz†   923 / oz†  
† Net of By-Product.

Operating Costs:

Units20162015
Total operating costs ($/t milled) ZAR 1,0801,201

Financials:

Units202120202019201820172016
Growth Capital M ZAR 198  155.4  108.9   141.8  
Sustaining costs M ZAR 488  392  238   221   210   261.2  
Capital expenditures M ZAR 1,616  1,270  937   1,202   1,234   1,304  
Revenue M ZAR 9,294  9,795  6,809   8,132   8,845   8,891  
Gross profit M ZAR 3,083   3,850  
Operating Income M ZAR 2,659  
Pre-tax Income M ZAR -3,477  1,498  -1,646,000  
After-tax Income M ZAR -2,332  1,185  -1,501   295.1   957.4   1,615  
EBITDA M ZAR 1,367  2,811  -217  
Book Value M ZAR 2,800  



Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
Environmental Engineering Manager Enver Hoosen LinkedIn Jul 20, 2022
Operations Manager Amukelani Lesley Ngobeni LinkedIn Jul 20, 2022
Operations Manager Moses Netshivhazwaulu LinkedIn Jul 20, 2022

Staff:

EmployeesContractorsTotal WorkforceYear
9,407 1,982 11,389 2021
9,549 2,055 11,604 2020
9,858 1,271 11,129 2019
9,776 1,160 10,936 2018
9,581 1,487 11,068 2017
9,858 1,319 11,177 2016
10,192 941 11,133 2015

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Corporate Presentation 2022
Corporate Presentation 2021
Financial Review 2021
Integrated Report 2021
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2021
Financial Review 2020
Integrated Report 2020
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2020
Form 20-F 2019
Integrated Report 2019
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2019
Form 20-F 2018
Integrated Report 2018
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2018
Form 20-F 2017
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2017
Financial Review 2016
Form 20-F 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2016
Form 20-F 2015
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2015

Aerial view:

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