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South Africa
Kloof Mine

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 Location:
11 km SW from Westonaria, South Africa

  Regional Office:
Constantia Office Park Cnr 14th Avenue & Hendrik Potgieter Road Bridgeview House Ground floor
Weltevreden Park
South Africa
1709
Phone+27-11-278-9600
Fax+27-11-278-9863
EmailEmail
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Gold
Mining Method
  • Scattered stoping
  • Breast mining
  • Pillar extraction
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Shaft Depth 3,347 m
Processing
  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Carbon in leach (CIL)
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)
Mine Life2033


Owners

Source: p. 318
CompanyInterestOwnership
Sibanye-Stillwater Ltd. 100 % Direct

Deposit Type

  • Conglomerate hosted

Source: Source p.197

Summary:

Kloof is a deep level underground gold mine located along the northern and southwestern margins of the Witwatersrand Basin in South Africa. This mine is typical of the many Witwatersrand Basin operations, which have been the primary contributors to South Africa’s production of a significant portion of the world’s recorded gold output since 1886.

The Witwatersrand Basin comprises a 6,000-meter vertical thickness of sedimentary rocks, extending laterally for some 350 kilometres northeast to southwest by some 120 kilometres northwest to southeast, generally dipping at shallow angles toward the centre of the Witwatersrand Basin. The Witwatersrand Basin outcrops at its northern extent near Johannesburg, but to the west, south and east it is overlaid by up to 4,000 meters of volcanic and sedimentary rocks. The Witwatersrand Basin is Archaean in age, meaning the sedimentary rocks are of the order of 2.8 billion years old.

Gold mineralisation occurs within laterally extensive quartz pebble conglomerate beds called reefs, which are developed above unconformable surfaces near the basin margin. As a result of faulting and primary controls on mineralisation processes, the goldfields are not continuous and are characterised by the presence or dominance of different reef units. The reefs are generally less than two meters in thickness and are widely considered to represent laterally extensive braided fluvial deposits or unconfined flow deposits, which formed along the flanks of alluvial fan systems around the edge of an inland sea. Dykes and sills of diabase or dolerite composition are developed within the Witwatersrand Basin and are associated with several intrusive and extrusive events.

Gold generally occurs in native form, often associated with pyrite, carbon and uranium. Pyrite and gold within the reefs display a variety of forms, some obviously indicative of detrital transport within the depositional system and others suggesting crystallisation within the reef itself.

As early as 1923, the presence of uranium was noted in the Witwatersrand reefs. It was found that on average the reefs contain about 0.03% uranium and as a by-product of gold relatively low uranium grades can be recovered. Notwithstanding different opinions as to the origin of the uranium in the reefs, most theories accept localisation of both gold and uranium a function of sedimentary textures. Metal concentrations are directly related to the reefs. Exploration programmes and eventual evaluation of gold and uranium according to a placer philosophy, prove to be highly successful.

The most fundamental controls of gold and uranium distribution are the primary sedimentary features such as facies variation and channel directions. Consequently, the modeling of sedimentary features within the reefs and the correlation of payable grades within certain facies is key to in situ reserve estimation, as well as effective operational mine planning and grade control.


Mining Methods

  • Scattered stoping
  • Breast mining
  • Pillar extraction
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader

Source: p.119, 120

Summary:

Kloof, a shallow to ultra-deep level gold operation, was formed when the Venterspost, Libanon, Leeudoorn and Kloof gold operations were amalgamated in 2000. The first shaft however, was already established in 1934 at Venterspost. The Kloof operation is situated in the West Wits Line of the Witwatersrand Basin, near the towns of Randfontein and Westonaria, approximately 60km west of Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province of South Africa.

Kloof has seven vertical shaft complexes (four with sub-shafts) and two mineral processing plants. Supporting infrastructure to service the operating shaft sections is also in place:
• Thuthukani (1 Shaft) – operational
• Hlalanathi (3 Shaft) – operational
• Ikamva (4 Shaft) – operational
• Manyano (7 Shaft) – operational
• Masimthembe (8 Shaft) – operational
• 9 Shaft – care and maintenance
• Celemanzi (10 Shaft) – pumping
• Kloof 1 plant – operational, processing SRD material
• Kloof 2 plant – operational, processing underground and SRD material.

Mining method

Underground:
• Scattered-conventional breast mining – 81%
• Pillars extraction (white areas) – 19%.

Surface
• SRD mining (LHD and trucks).

Key developments and brownfield projects (on-mine)
The depth extension project at 4 Shaft, to access the area between 45 and 47 Levels, progressed to 46 Level during 2019 and development will continue to 47 Level. This project is aimed at LoM extention.

The Kloof 8 Shaft expansion project, designed to increase current production levels at 8 Shaft to 300ktpa, has commenced on 14, 15 and 16 Levels as planned.

The Kloof integration project, designed to optimise operating shafts and close redundant infrastructure, has commenced. The lower levels of 3 Shaft will be accessed via 4 Shaft infrastructure by Q4 2020 and the sub-vertical and tertiary shaft barrels will be decommissioned. 7 Shaft production has been rationalised and the shaft will serve as a shorter access route for the long-life 4 Shaft. Main Shaft opening-up and development towards 3 Shaft is progressing according to plan and will allow for the complete closure of 3 Shaft which represents a significant cost saving.

The Eastern boundary area remains a significant very high grade opportunity and is included in the Mineral Resource.


Crushing and Grinding
Source: Source p.119, 120


Processing

  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Carbon in leach (CIL)
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Source: Source p.119, 120

Summary:

Kloof’s operations comprise two metallurgical gold plants:

• Kloof 1 CIL plant – operational, processing SRD material, Design capacity of 180 tpd
• Kloof 2 CIP plant – operational, processing underground and SRD material, Design capacity of 120 tpd.


Production:

CommodityUnits201920182017201620152014
Gold koz 349490528489452548
All production numbers are expressed as metal in doré.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics201920182017201620152014
Tonnes milled 7,357 kt7,108 kt5,844 kt4,676 kt3,977 kt4,653 kt

Reserves at December 31, 2019:

CategoryOreTypeTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven In-Situ (UG) 11.1 Mt Gold 7.8 g/t 2.795 M oz
Probable Stockpiles 8.3 Mt Gold 0.3 g/t 0.081 M oz
Probable In-Situ (UG) 7.8 Mt Gold 6.5 g/t 1.627 M oz
Proven & Probable Stockpiles 8.3 Mt Gold 0.3 g/t 0.081 M oz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (UG) 19 Mt Gold 7.3 g/t 4.422 M oz
Proven & Probable Total 27.3 Mt Gold 5.1 g/t 4.503 M oz
Measured In-Situ (UG) 32.7 Mt Gold 14.6 g/t 15.3 M oz
Indicated Stockpiles 8.3 Mt Gold 0.3 g/t 0.081 M oz
Indicated In-Situ (UG) 26.7 Mt Gold 7.5 g/t 6.466 M oz
Inferred In-Situ (UG) 8.1 Mt Gold 6.7 g/t 1.737 M oz
Total Resource Stockpiles 8.3 Mt Gold 0.3 g/t 0.081 M oz
Total Resource In-Situ (UG) 67.5 Mt Gold 10.8 g/t 23.502 M oz
Total Resource Total 75.8 Mt Gold 9.7 g/t 23.584 M oz

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits2019201820172016201520142013
Total cash costs (sold) Gold USD 835 / oz 722 / oz 836 / oz 780 / oz 847 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (sold) Gold USD 1,555 / oz† 1,150 / oz† 1,007 / oz† 905 / oz† 1,040 / oz† 1,014 / oz† 1,147 / oz†
All-in costs Gold USD 1,576 / oz† 1,172 / oz† 1,027 / oz† 923 / oz† 1,051 / oz† 1,014 / oz† 1,147 / oz†
† Net of By-Product.

Operating Costs:

Units20162015
Total operating costs ($/t milled) ZAR 1,0801,201

Financials:

Units2019201820172016201520142013
Sustaining costs M ZAR 238  221  210  261.2   225.6   355.7   459.8  
Capital expenditures M ZAR 937  1,202  1,234  1,304   1,130   1,236   1,304  
Revenue M ZAR 6,809  8,132  8,845  8,891   6,691   7,503   6,954  
Gross profit M ZAR 3,083  3,850   1,914   3,001   2,854  
Operating Income M ZAR 2,659   884.9   1,678   1,757  
After-tax Income M ZAR -1,501  295.1  957.4  1,615   509.7   838.7   1,007  
EBITDA M ZAR -217.1  1,722  3,045  


Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
Engineering Manager Phillemon Khoanyane LinkedIn Jul 30, 2020
VP Metallurgy & Surface Operations Gibson Theletsane LinkedIn Jul 30, 2020

Staff:

EmployeesContractorsTotal WorkforceYear
9,858 1,271 11,129 2019
9,776 1,160 10,936 2018
9,581 1,487 11,068 2017
9,858 1,319 11,177 2016
10,192 941 11,133 2015

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Form 20-F 2019
Integrated Report 2019
Other 2019
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2019
Form 20-F 2018
Integrated Report 2018
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2018
Form 20-F 2017
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2017
Financial Review 2016
Form 20-F 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2016
Form 20-F 2015
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2015

Aerial view:

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