Gold mineralization at the Black Fox Mine occurs in several different geological environments within the main carbonate alteration zone, which has a strike length of over 1,000 metres and a variable true width ranging from 10 metres to over 100 metres. This mineralized envelope occurs primarily within komatiitic ultramafics and lesser mafic volcanics within the outer boundaries of the PDDZ. The auriferous zones have several modes of occurrence, from concordant zones that follow lithological contacts and have been subsequently deformed, to slightly discordant zones associated with syenitic sills and quartz veins or stockworks.

The Black Fox Mine deposit has an overall first order south-southwest plunge (SSE in mine grid) with a second order westerly internal gold mineralization plunge. The first order plunge is parallel to stretching/intersection lineations and dominant folds, plus the local elongation of units. The second order plunge is at a high angle to the stretching lineation and controlled by stacking of S-SW dipping (to true north) reverse shear vein systems, vein arrays and shear zones which dip more shallowly to the south than the overall dip of the ultramafic host unit and faults that are parallel to it, and are stacked vertically within carbonate-talc-chlorite altered parts of the ultramafic unit (Rhys, 2016). This secondary ore control could be controlled by the north verging drag folds (Chappell, 2018).

Work carried out to date has identified four different styles of mineralization within the mineralized envelope at the Black Fox Mine. These are:

• Free gold associated with east to south east striking (100 to 170 degrees) moderately to steeply dipping (40 to 80 degrees) quartz-carbonate-chlorite shear veins; sigmoidal vein arrays that strike to the west, north-west (290 to 315 degrees) and dip moderately (30 to 60 degrees) to the south. Visible gold is observed along chlorite stylolites, slip surfaces and within the vein matrix itself.
• Gold-bearing pyrite associated with albite-carbonate-sericite altered syenitic and plagioclase porphyry sill-like bodies spatially associated with gold-bearing quartz-carbonate vein systems.
• Gold associated with disseminated fine-grained pyrite within intensely sheared Fecarbonate- sericite-albite altered mafic volcanic rocks adjacent to or within ultramafic rocks. These zones are associated with variably deformed quartz-carbonate veins that can host visible gold as well (Rhys 2016). This type of mineralization is denoted as BMV.
• A much less common form of gold mineralization occurs in carbonate-quartz-talc alteration as disseminated free gold flakes (Figure 14D), seen in the Deep Central Zone in areas of elevated matrix quartz and/or quartz veinlets in the altered ultramafic volcanic rocks matrix (Rhys 2016).

The Grey Fox Project consists of four mineralized zones. From west to east these are (1) the Gibson Zone, hosted within the Gibson Intrusive including the historic Gibson deposit, (2) the Contact Zone, hosted along the steeply dipping to the east metasediment-metavolcanic contact with secondary structures at a high-angle to the contact, (3) the 147 Zone, hosted along the steeply dipping to the east contact between variolitic mafic metavolcanic and massive gabbroic metavolcanic flows and secondary structures at a high-angle to the contact, and (4) the Grey Fox South Zone, hosted within a steeply dipping to the east variolitic flow. Within these four zones, all rock types between the bounding faults are mineralized.

In all rock types, mineralization is associated with quartz - ankerite ± hematite ± molybdenite veins and breccias, ranging from 0.2 millimetres to > 1 metre thick, with albite–silica-ankerite- hematite alteration haloes that can extend up to meters from the vein margin. The mineralized veins often have thin margins of crustiform banded quartz, overgrown by crustiform quartz matrix breccia, and later development of cores of fine- grained, matrix-supported quartz-carbonate matrix lithified vein breccia containing fragments of earlier quartz phases (Rhys 2011). These veins also often have thin, dark green-grey breccia selvages with abundant disseminated pyrite with graphite or molybdenite (Ross and Rhys, 2011).

Visible gold is hosted by quartz-ankerite veins, with gold grains ranging in size from <1 millimetres to 5 millimetres, most commonly associated with the oldest and second oldest generation of vein material. Gold mineralization is also associated with fine-grained (<1 millimetre) pyrite disseminated both within and along the margins of the polygenerational quartz- carbonate veins and breccias, and within the silica–albite-hematite alteration haloes surrounding the mineralized veins.

At the Grey Fox south zone, no steeply dipping to the east contact analogous to those at the Contact and 147 zones has been identified. Instead, mineralization appears to be associated with corridors of steeply dipping to the north- northwest and south-southwest quartz-carbonate veins and breccias within variolitic mafic metavolcanic flows.

Similar to the Grey Fox south zone, mineralization in the Gibson Zone is controlled by moderately to steeply dipping to the north-northwest and south-southeast veinlets and breccias in quartz–carbonate veinlets and veins hosted within the hematite-silica altered Gibson Intrusive. Mineralization at the historic Gibson deposit is described as being a north-northwest dipping quartz-carbonate breccia near a brecciated and altered contact between syenite and basalt (Troop, 1989), analogous to the north-northwest dipping quartz-carbonate veins and breccias of the Contact, 147, and Grey Fox south zones.

The production rate is based on available stopes as of October 31, 2017 (the time that the assets were transferred from Primero to McEwen Mining Ontario). Consequently, the mine has a variable monthly mining rate, averaging approximately 500 tonnes per day. The average ounces recovered at the mill per day is approximately 140, which is equal to an average of 4,200 ounces per month over the 26 months in the LOM.

LOM development requirements are approximately 4,400 metres total. This development consists of 935m of ramps, and 2,030 metres of lateral development, 1,280 metres of sills and 140 metres of raises.

The mine is accessed by a portal located at a bench at a depth of 87 metres within the Black Fox Pit.

Stopes are typically mined in 15-metre lengths along the strike with widths varying from 5 up to 20 metres.

The mining method is long hole retreat. The stope sequencing has generally been top-down as new ore is found at depth.

Cemented hydraulic backfill is used in almost all stopes. Stopes are mined in alternating sequence using backfilled stopes as pillars for subsequent mining of adjacent stopes.

Ore mined is crushed and hauled to the mill.

The Froome mine, which is part of the overall Fox Complex, is accessed from two declines at the bottom of the Black Fox pit and situated approximately one-half mile west of the ceased Black Fox mine. As was the case with the Black Fox deposit, the mineralized material from Froome is hauled approximately 20 miles to the Stock mill for processing.

On September 19, 2021, Company successfully reached commercial production Froome, three months ahead of schedule. To date, ore extracted from the Froome mine produced grades that are consistent with the resources model and mine plan. Encouraging drill results from near-mine exploration activities were also obtained. Exploration initiatives near the Froome mine are designed to extend the mine life and resource.

Crushing
Crushing is currently carried out at the mine site via a contract service (LPL Contracting). McEwen Mining does not own the crushing equipment. The crushed material is trucked to the Black Fox mine where it is processed.

The crushing configuration is comprises a three stage semi-portable circuit. Mineralized rocks are reclaimed into a feed hopper that feeds a vibrating feeder from which rocks enter a jaw crusher. The crushed product is discharged to a secondary cone crusher. The cone crusher product feeds two screens where the undersize material is the final crushed product. Screen oversize is split to feed two tertiary cone crushers. The crushed product is returned to the screens.

Grinding
The crushed material is conveyed from the fine ore bin to the feed chute of the primary ball mill which is operated in closed circuit with three hydro cyclones. The cyclone underflow is recirculated to the ball mill while the overflow is further ground in one of the two regrind mills. The regrind mills are operated in closed circuit with five secondary cyclones. The overflows from the secondary cyclones flow to a vibrating trash screen. The trash screen undersize falls into the thickener feed pump box. The head sampler removes feed aliquots on 20-minute intervals from the thickener feed line.

Ore from the Black Fox Mine is processed at the Black Fox Mill.

Gravity Circuit
A gravity circuit comprised of a fines riffle and a coarse riffle in series is present in the mill. The gravity circuit was installed as a trial unit and has yet to be commissioned. The riffles are currently not being used without any future commissioning being planned.

There is a #6 Deister shaking table in the grinding section that is currently not in use.

Leaching
The ground slurry is then pumped to a thickener for dewatering. The thickener underflow is pumped to the first of two (2) leach tanks. An alternate head sampler exists on the leach feed line but is currently not in service. The slurry flows by gravity from the first tank to the second. Lime slurry is added to the first leach tank for pH control.

The overflow from this leach tank flows to a series of two (2) additional leach tanks and four (4) CIL tanks, where the gold now in solution is ad ........