Regional Geology
The Kibali gold deposits are hosted within the Moto Greenstone Belt, a Kibalian Neoarchean terrane that lies in the NE Congo Craton. The northeastern part of the Congo craton is formed of Archean rocks, which extend eastward from the northern part of the DRC across the Cenozoic East African rift into Uganda, southern Kenya, and northern Tanzania (Allibone et al, 2020). Plutonic rocks underlie 80 to 90% of the area, volcano-sedimentary rocks are largely metamorphosed under greenschist facies conditions and form isolated belts for the remaining 10% to 20% of the craton.

The Moto Greenstone Belt is elongated, WNW-ESE trending, and is comprised primarily of two distinct litho-stratigraphically blocks. To the north, the belt is bounded by the West Nile Gneiss complex, a Meso- or Paleoarchean granite gneiss that extends northward into the Sahara Desert (U-Pb ages > 2670 Ma; Turnbull et al., 2017). To the south, the belt is bounded by the Upper Zaire Granitic Massif, an Archean granite-gneiss terrane that dominates the NE Congo Craton. The Massif is locally represented by the Watsa Igneous Complex.

Project Geology
The mineralised KZ Trend, which hosts the Kibali deposits, is located in the central part of the Moto Greenstone Belt. The Project hosts most of the gold endowment in the Moto Greenstone Belt. The KZ Trend marks an important boundary between older and younger parts of the belt with different provenances (Allibone et al., 20 ........

The Mine comprises both open pit and underground mining operations.

Open-pit
From 2022 onwards, open pit production will come from the Sessenge, Aerodrome, Pamao, Gorumbwa, Megi-Marakeke-Sayi, Kalimva-Ikamva, Oere, Pakaka, and the KCD deposits. The Mengu Hill, Mofu, Kombokolo and Rhino pits were depleted in 2017.

Open pit mining is carried out using conventional drill, blast, load, and haul surface mining methods. Mining of the main pits is carried out by a mining contractor, KMS.

From 2022 onwards, open pit production will come from the Sessenge, Aerodrome, Pamao, Gorumbwa, Megi-Marakeke-Sayi, Kalimva-Ikamva, Oere, Pakaka, and the KCD deposits. The Mengu Hill, Mofu, Kombokolo and Rhino pits were depleted in 2017.

The upper levels of the open pits are usually in weathered material, which typically is free digging material. Once fresh (unweathered) rock is encountered, drilling and blasting is required. Emulsion explosives are supplied as a down-the-hole service by the Mine’s explosive contractor Orica. Free digging in the upper levels uses 5 m high benches, with 10 m benches used for drilling and blasting operations. The 10 m benches containing ore are excavated in three flitches of equal height.

Pits Design has following Parameters:

- For Weathered material:
- Bench - Height 5-10m;
- Berm Width 4-5m;
- Batter Angle 27-50°;
- IRA 27-50°.

- For Transition Rocks:
- Be ........

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