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Mexico
Guanacevi Mine

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 Location:
247 km NW from Durango, Durango, Mexico

  Regional Office:
Calle Cerro Gordo del Campestre No. 201, interior #208 Colonia Las Quintas
Leon Guanajuato
Guanajuato, Mexico
37125
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Fleet
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Silver
  • Gold
Mining Method
  • Cut & Fill
  • Longhole stoping
Processing
  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Counter current decantation (CCD)
  • Merrill–Crowe
  • Cyanide (reagent)
Latest NewsEndeavour Silver Continues to Intersect High-Grade Gold-Silver Mineralization at Guanacevi, Durango, Mexico     November 12, 2020


Owners

Source: p. 15
CompanyInterestOwnership
Endeavour Silver Corp. 100 % Indirect
Endeavour Silver Corp controls the Guanaceví Project through its 100% owned Mexican subsidiary, Endeavour Gold Corporation S.A. de C.V. (Endeavour Gold). Endeavour Gold holds the project through its two 100% owned subsidiaries, Minera Plata Adelante S.A. de C.V. (Minera Plata Adelante) and Refinadora Plata Guanaceví S.A. de C.V. (Refinadora Plata Guanaceví).

Deposit Type

  • Epithermal
  • Vein / narrow vein


Summary:

The Guanaceví silver-gold district comprises classic, high-grade silver-gold, epithermal vein deposits, characterized by low sulphidation mineralization and adularia-sericite alteration.

The Santa Cruz mine property, which forms part of the main portion of the Guanaceví Mines Project, covers about a 3.0 km strike length of the Santa Cruz fault/vein system. The Santa Cruz vein is similar in many respects to other veins in the Guanaceví district, except that it is the only one to lie on the west side of the horst of Guanaceví Formation and associated facies, and it dips west instead of east.

In the Porvenir Dos area and the Deep Santa Cruz mine workings, a low angle rhyolite crystal-lapilli tuff and andesitic contact occurs high in the hanging wall of the Santa Cruz vein indicating a fault contact with Guanaceví Formation, which obviously cuts the contact.

The Santa Cruz vein is a silver-rich structure with lesser amounts of gold, lead and zinc. Mineralization has averaged 500 g/t silver and 1 g/t gold over 3 m true width. The minerals encountered are argentiteacanthite, limited gold, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and manganese oxides. Gangue minerals noted are barite, rhodonite, rhodochrosite, calcite, fluorite and quartz.

Mineralization exhibits evidence of episodic hydrothermal events which generated finely banded textures. The higher grade mineralization in the district is commonly associated with multiple phases of banding and brecciation. The first phase, deposition of white quartz, white calcite and pyrite in stockwork structures, often exhibits horse-tail structures bifurcating both in the horizontal and vertical sense to form imbricate pods. The second phase deposited semi translucent quartz with argentite, scarce gold, and oxides of manganese (2%) and rare lead and zinc sulfide (4%), the latter particularly in the lower part of the hydrothermal system. The second phase was accompanied by the deposition of barite, thodonite, rhodochrosite, fluorite and calcite.

This second phase comprises multiple pulses of mineralization expressed in the vein structures as bands of massive, banded or brecciated quartz. Massive and massive-to-banded quartz are commonly associated with carbonate which is predominantly manganoan calcite and calcitic rhodochrosite. Rhodonite is much less abundant than carbonates but is not uncommon.

In the Porvenir Dos area and in the deeper portion of North Porvenir, a footwall-hosted vein lies in the footwall of the Santa Cruz vein structure. In both areas, this footwall vein is either within Guanaceví Formation footwall rocks or is at the structural contact between the Guanaceví Formation and the Lower Volcanic Sequence andesite. It is banded to brecciated quartz plus carbonate and contains local scatterings (<1%) of sulfides (pyrite>sphalerite>galena>chalcopyrite) and rare pods (<50 cm) of sulfides. At the north end of North Porvenir, the footwall vein attains a true width of over 7 m with silver grades of approximately 400 g/t in some areas. In Porvenir Dos, the footwall vein is narrower than the Santa Cruz vein and is overall a lower-grade vein, although one high grade intercept (uncapped) has been recorded in drillhole PD 36-3, at 2,548 g/t silver over 1.25 m.


Mining Methods

  • Cut & Fill
  • Longhole stoping


Summary:

Conventional cut and fill mining or by long hole stope methods are employed at Guanaceví. Cut and fill stopes are generally 15m long and 5 m high, and long hole stopes are 15m long and 20m high. Access to the stoping areas is provided by a series of primary and secondary ramps located in the footwall. The ramps have grades from minus 15% to plus 12%, with plus or minus 12% as standard. The cross-cuts are 4 m by 4 m for the primary ramps and 3.5 m by 3.5 m for the secondary ramps.

In the upper parts of the mine, stope access is by short (10m to 40m) cross-cuts from the ramp to the vein/stope. These cross-cuts are generally 3.5m by 3.5m in cross-section and are usually driven down at minus 18% to intersect with the stope. As the stope advances up-dip on the vein, the back is taken down in these cross-cuts to maintain access until the cross-cut reaches a maximum inclination of 15%.

In the lower parts of the mine (below the water table) stope access is by 90m long cross-cuts to the vein/stope. The cross-cuts are generally 3.0m by 3.5m in cross-section and are driven at plus 1% to intersect the stope (for water drainage). As the stope advances up-dip on the vein, the back is taken down in the cross-cuts to maintain access until the cross-cut reaches a maximum inclination of plus 15%.

Mining in the stopes is done with jackleg drills. Back cuts are taken 2m to 2.5m high via vertical up-hole drilling or by breasting. The broken material is mucked out using scooptrams (2 yard or 3.5 yard depending on vein width). Waste fill from mine development is placed in the stope by the same scooptrams to within 2 m to 2.5 m of the back. When the vein is less than minimum mining width, the footwall is slashed to provide adequate width. This slashing is done during the fill cycle and the slashed material remains in the stope as fill.

In 2013 there was a move to using long hole methods in the narrower parts of the mine. The long hole method increases production heights from typically 1.8m to up to 15m and at a reduced cost. Dilution and hanging wall failure is controlled using cemented 11m long fortifying cable bolts.Mining dilution has been estimated by EDR as variable with a minimum of 0.4m of over break dilution and a minimum operational width of 2.2m. Additional dilution is derived from the footwall especially in sill development, from occasional hanging wall failure and from re-mucking of floor fill. In general, dilution is estimated at being between 15% and 32%, while unrecoverable ore is estimated at approximately 5%. The dilution material in almost all cases is mineralized.

Sill development that have high-grade ore in the floor are candidates for installing a concrete pillar. The sill is filled with one meter of cemented rock fill when stoping begins which allows for recovery of the sill pillar. The cemented rock fill consists of development waste mixed with 5% by weight ordinary Portland cement which is placed over a 5mm steel welded mesh on the sill floor. The cemented rock fill is mixed in a muck bay adjacent to the stope by the same scooptrams that place it into the stope. The cemented rock fill is placed into the sill starting at the entrance so that the scooptram is driving on top of the fresh fill to provide compaction. This method works well and is common in Mexico.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Counter current decantation (CCD)
  • Merrill–Crowe
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Source: Subscription required

Summary:

The Guanaceví processing plant consists of the following circuits:

- Crushing: ore bins, conventional crushing with a 30"x42" jaw crusher, 24”x36” jaw crusher, a 4-foot secondary cone and 3-foot tertiary cone crushers, a 5’x10’ vibrating screen (-½” to - 5/8”).

- Grinding: 5 ball mills, a 10.5’x12’ Hardinge, two 7’x7.5’ Denver, a 5’x 6’ Fimsa ball mill and an Allis-Chalmers 5’x4’.

- Cyanidation and counter-current decantation (CCD) circuit: 16 leach tanks in two series (12 tanks of 20’x20’ and 4 tanks of 30’x30’).

- Merrill-Crowe circuit with 2 leaf clarifiers and one de-aeration tower.

- Refinery: two gas fired furnaces.

- Filtration: two filter presses, each with 131 plates of size 2,000x2,000 mm.

- Filters for dry tailings, and final disposal of dry tails.

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter20192018201720162015201420132012
Silver Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Silver Head Grade, g/t 234222230232295314253249
Gold Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Gold Head Grade, g/t 0.650.590.530.510.620.650.60.76
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Production:

CommodityProductUnits202020192018201720162015
Silver Metal in doré oz  ......  Subscription required ^  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required2,066,4482,364,0453,440,748
Gold Metal in doré oz  ......  Subscription required ^  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Silver Payable metal oz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required2,064,3822,359,5193,406,340
Gold Payable metal oz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
^ Guidance / Forecast.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics201920182017201620152014
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required367,441 t
Daily ore mining rate  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,007 t
Tonnes processed  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required367,441 t431,431 t423,251 t
Daily processing capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,200 t1,200 t
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at December 31, 2019:

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven 155,000 t Silver 276 g/t 1,374,000 oz
Proven 155,000 t Gold 0.7 g/t 3,500 oz
Proven 155,000 t Silver Equivalent 1,654,000 oz
Probable 560,000 t Silver 240 g/t 4,326,000 oz
Probable 560,000 t Gold 0.66 g/t 11,800 oz
Probable 560,000 t Silver Equivalent 5,270,000 oz
Measured 78,000 t Silver 377 g/t 947,000 oz
Measured 78,000 t Gold 0.64 g/t 1,600 oz
Measured 78,000 t Silver Equivalent 1,075,000 oz
Indicated 1,062,000 t Silver 331 g/t 11,305,000 oz
Indicated 1,062,000 t Gold 0.85 g/t 29,100 oz
Indicated 1,062,000 t Silver Equivalent 13,633,000 oz
Inferred 778,000 t Silver 406 g/t 10,155,000 oz
Inferred 778,000 t Gold 0.99 g/t 24,900 oz
Inferred 778,000 t Silver Equivalent 12,147,000 oz

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits2019201820172016201520142013
Cash costs Silver USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 14 / oz 11.3 / oz 9.55 / oz 10.7 / oz 15.2 / oz
Cash costs Gold USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 1,040 / oz 841 / oz 694 / oz 728 / oz 906.25 / oz
Cash costs Silver USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† 13.4 / oz† 10.6 / oz† 8.66 / oz† 9.73 / oz† 14.3 / oz†
Total cash costs Silver USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† 20.2 / oz† 13.6 / oz† 11.1 / oz† 11.4 / oz† 20.1 / oz†
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Silver USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† 22.9 / oz† 19.1 / oz† 13 / oz† 14.5 / oz† 22.6 / oz†
† Net of By-Product.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operating Costs:

Units2019201820172016201520142013
Direct operating costs ($/t milled) USD 135.14133.78105.1384.988104.06110.93

Financials:

Units2019201820172016201520142013
Sustaining costs M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 9.74   10.2   15.9  
Revenue M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 68.7   68.2  
Pre-tax Income M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 20.6  
After-tax Income M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 15   11.2  
Subscription required - Subscription is required


Heavy Mobile Equipment as of March 27, 2018:
HME TypeModelSizeQuantity
Drill ....................... Subscription required 1
Drill 7
Drill (long hole) 3
Scissor Lift ....................... Subscription required 128 HP 1
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 1.25 cu. yd 1
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 1.5 cu. yd 2
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 2 cu. yd 1
Scoop Tram 3.5 cu. yd 1
Scoop Tram 4.5 cu. yd 4
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 2 cu. yd 3
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 2 cu. yd 3
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 3.5 cu. yd 4
Scoop Tram ....................... Subscription required 3.5 cu. yd 6
Truck (underground) ....................... Subscription required 15 t 1
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required May 6, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required May 6, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required May 6, 2020
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Staff:

EmployeesContractorsTotal WorkforceYear
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2019
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2018
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2017
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2016
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2015

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
Corporate Presentation 2017
Financial Review 2017
Management Discussion & Analysis 2017
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2017
Financial Review 2016
Management Discussion & Analysis 2016
Press Release 2016
Form 40-F 2015
Management Discussion & Analysis 2015
Technical Report 2015
Management Discussion & Analysis 2013
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

News:

NewsDate
Endeavour Silver Continues to Intersect High-Grade Gold-Silver Mineralization at Guanacevi, Durango, Mexico November 12, 2020
Endeavour Silver Intersects New High-Grade Gold-Silver Mineralization on the El Curso Property at the Guanacevi Mine in Durango, Mexico June 2, 2020
Endeavour Silver Reports High Grade Silver-Gold Drill Intersections at the Guanacevi Mine, Durango, Mexico June 5, 2019
Endeavour Silver Provides 2018 Production and Cost Guidance, Targeting 20% Increase in Production January 25, 2018

Aerial view:

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