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Portugal
Panasqueira Mine

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 Location:
25 km SW from Covilhã, Portugal

  Address:
Rua Central, S/N
Barroca Grande
Portugal
6225-051
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  • Overview
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  • Mining
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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Tungsten
  • Copper
  • Tin
Mining Method
  • Room-and-pillar
Production Start...
Mine Life2045
The Panasqueira Mine has some of the highest tungsten recovery rates in the industry, consistently averaging 80%.


Owners

Source: p. 45
CompanyInterestOwnership
Almonty Industries Inc. 100 % Indirect
Beralt Tin and Wolfram (Portugal), S.A. (operator) 100 % Direct
Ownership Tree
Almonty currently owns 100% of BVI (Beralt Ventures Inc.), a body corporate pursuant to the laws of British Columbia, Canada. BVI owns 100% of BTW ( Beralt Tin & Wolfram (Portugal), S.A), which in turn is the 100% owner of the various rights and interests comprising the Panasqueira Mine in Covilhã, Castelo Branco, Portugal.

Contractors

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Deposit Type

  • Vein / narrow vein


Summary:

The Panasqueira tungsten deposit comprises a series of thin, flat-lying quartz-wolframite veins developed in the joints of a phyllite within the contact zone of a concealed granite intrusion. The largest concentration of veins occurs immediately over a granite-greisen high (cupola) on the No 2 Level of Panasqueira Deep. The horizontal extent of the veins, which pitch to the southeast, appears to decrease with depth. Individual veins average about 0.30m in thickness and can persist over hundreds of metres. Frequently, when one vein thins out, another forms close to it, with a small over- lap. There is considerable dilution during mining because the veins are so thin, which is why the mine goes to great lengths to not exceed the 2.2 m stope height.

The sub-parallel stacked quartz veins contain principally, wolframite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and cassiterite. The tungsten mineralised quartz veins have an average dip of 8°-10°SW. The mineralised zone has dimensions of approximately 2,500m in length and varies in width from 400m to 2,200m, continuing to 500m in depth. Previous mining was done in the upper levels and the existing reserves are from Level 0 and Level 4. The current reserves lie above Level 2 and Level 3 (90m below Level 2). The deposit, between Level 1 and Level 2 (60m vertical separation) consisted of seven or eight flat dipping veins with an average thickness of 0.3m (range 0.1-1.0m) that typically hosted the economic mineralisation over co ........


Mining Methods

  • Room-and-pillar


Summary:

The mining method used at Panasqueira is a mechanized room and pillar method that has evolved during the past 50 years. The method is possible due to the sub-horizontal nature of the quartz veins and the very competent host rock.

The stoping process begins with ramps being driven to access the mineralized veins, in areas where diamond drilling has indicated quartz intersections equal to or above 18cm (indicated resources). When a vein is accessed, it is blocked out on a basic 100m by 100m pattern. Ore passes of 1.8 metre diameter raises are generally bored near drive/panel intersections, and allow ore to be dropped down to main haulage levels. Chutes are installed in the bottom of the orepasses to facilitate the loading of the wagons.

Equipment that is used for mine development and production includes electric hydraulic single boom jumbo drills, 3.5 cubic yard diesel LHDs, low profile 6 and 6.8 tonne LHDs and a raise borer. The target height of the stopes is nominally 2.1 m but increased to 2.3 m in areas where ore bearing veins are more variable in their dip, strike or thickness. The average height achieved is generally 2.2m. With an average in-situ mineralized zone thickness of 25cm, the applied planned dilution 880% i.e. 8 x times as much waste has to be mined within the 2.2m minimum height. No additional dilution factors are added.

As the veins are intersected with development, face sampling is used to verify mineralisation and indicate ho ........


Crushing and Grinding
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Processing

Flow Sheet: Subscription required

Summary:

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Production:

CommodityProductUnits202220172016
WO3 WO3 in concentrate kt  ......  Subscription required ^0.80.7
WO3 Concentrate kt 0.9
Copper Concentrate kt  ......  Subscription required
Tin Concentrate kt  ......  Subscription required
^ Guidance / Forecast.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics202120202019201820172016
Plant annual capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required865,000 t865,000 t
Tonnes milled  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required733,582 t601,596 t
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required611,252 t
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Reserves at September 30, 2016:
Cut-off grades are 0.12% WO3 (10 kg/m2) for Measured Resources & Reserves and 0.13% WO3 (10.8 kg/m2) for Indicated and Inferred Resources.

Reported Reserves and Resources have not changed on December 31, 2021.

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven 775 kt WO3 0.22 % 169,400 mtu
Probable 1,176 kt WO3 0.19 % 223,400 mtu
Proven & Probable 1,951 kt WO3 0.2 % 392,800 mtu
Measured 1,951 kt WO3 0.2 % 393,000 mtu
Indicated 8,076 kt WO3 0.24 % 1,920,000 mtu
Measured & Indicated 10,027 kt WO3 0.23 % 2,313,000 mtu
Inferred 10,322 kt WO3 0.24 % 2,433,000 mtu

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits201720162015
Cash costs WO3 USD 190 / mtu   201 / mtu   219 / mtu  

Financials:

Units202120202019201820172016
Capital expenditures M CAD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 2.2   1.9   2  
Revenue M CAD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 38   23   13.1  
Operating Income M CAD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 12.5   1.2   -2.9  
Pre-tax Income M CAD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 9.9   -0.9   -5.1  
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Pipelines
TypeMaterialDiameterLengthDescription


Heavy Mobile Equipment as of December 31, 2016:
HME TypeSize
Drill jumbo (single boom)
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) 3.5 cu. yd
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) 6 t
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) 6.8 t

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jun 27, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jun 27, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jun 27, 2022
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Staff:

EmployeesContractorsTotal WorkforceYear
Subscription required 2021
Subscription required 2020
Subscription required 2019
Subscription required 2018
Subscription required 2017
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2016

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Corporate Presentation 2022
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
Annual Information Form 2018
Financial Review 2018
Management Discussion & Analysis 2018
Annual Information Form 2017
Financial Review 2017
Management Discussion & Analysis 2017
Annual Information Form 2016
Management Discussion & Analysis 2016
Technical Report 2016
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