The Ensham coal mine (Ensham) is located approximately 40 km east of Emerald, Queensland.

Within the Ensham area, the Rangal Coal Measures comprise the Aries, Castor, Pollux and Orion seams in descending order, the upper three being exploited by open cut mining and the Aries Castor being exploited by underground mining methods. Seam thickness in the open cut area averages 5 to 6 m whilst the underground area generally comprises a single seam averaging 3 m in thickness.

Ensham produces only a limited amount of semi soft coking coal, with the majority product being a low ash, sulphur, high energy thermal coal. They can produce thermal coals with ash content between 10 to 16% and a calorific value of 6000 to 7000 kcal/kg. Total sulphur content commonly ranges between 0.6 and 0.9% and volatile matter is commonly in the order of 25 to 27%.

The Ensham operation comprises one active open-cut coal mining pit and an underground mine, with current production levels of 5.2 million tonnes per annum (mtpa).

The Open Cut is a dragline operation with two active draglines removing overburden. Once exposed, the coal is removed by excavators and trucks and placed on stockpiles. The Underground is a bord and pillar operation with five production units producing coal and sending it to the surface stockpile via a series of conveyor belts. The coal is transported from the stockpiles using large road trains to the coal plant where it is crushed and screened for size and then transported via rail to Gladstone Port for shipping.