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Kennecott (Bingham Canyon) Mine

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Summary

Mine TypeOpen Pit & Underground
StatusTemporary Suspension
Commodities
  • Copper
  • Gold
  • Silver
  • Molybdenum
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
  • Longhole open stoping
  • Sub-level open stoping (SLOS)
Backfill type
  • Cemented (undefined) backfill
Production Start1903
Mine Life2032
SnapshotKennecott is an integrated copper mining operation that includes the Bingham Canyon open pit mine and, since 2023, an underground mine, the Copperton concentrator, smelter, refinery, precious metals plant and tailings storage facilities.

The Lower Commercial Skarn (LCS) and North Rim Skarn (NRS) deposits are within the current operations of the Bingham Canyon Mine. First production from NRS occurred in December 2025.

Rio Tinto is progressing feasibility studies to extend open pit mining. If approved, the planned mine expansion could produce around 1.5 million additional tonnes of copper and extend the mine’s life to approximately 2040.

Kennecott Open Pit Extension project includes mine stripping activities and some infrastructure development, including tailings facility expansion. The project will allow mining to continue into a new area of the orebody between 2026 and 2032.

On March 12, 2026, operations at the Kennecott mine have been suspended following fatal incidents.
Latest NewsRio Tinto's Kennecott copper mine suspends operations as contract worker dies     March 12, 2026

Owners

SourceSource
CompanyInterestOwnership
Rio Tinto plc 100 % Indirect
Kennecott Utah Copper LLC (operator) 100 % Direct
Kennecott mine is 100% owned and operated by Kennecott Utah Copper LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of Rio Tinto plc.

Kennecott Utah Copper LLC is the operator of the Kennecott (Bingham Canyon) mine.

Contractors

ContractorContractDescriptionRef. DateExpirySource
Rocky Mountain Power Power supply Supply contract with Rocky Mountain Power. Dec 31, 2025
TerraGen Solar Power supply November 14, 2025 (IM - International Mining) - Rio Tinto’s Kennecott operation has progressed its decarbonisation objectives by signing a 15-year virtual power purchase agreement (VPPA) with TerraGen for renewable energy from a newly completed wind farm in Texas. Under the agreement, Rio Tinto will purchase 78.5 MW of renewable energy generated by TerraGen’s 238.5 MW Monte Cristo I Windpower project. Commercial operations were commemorated with a ribbon cutting ceremony on site today. Nov 14, 2025 2040

Deposit type

  • Skarn
  • Porphyry

Summary:

The Bingham Canyon deposit is a classic porphyry copper deposit containing economic values of copper, molybdenum, gold, silver, and historic lead and zinc production. Peripheral copper-gold skarns, lead-zinc fissures, and disseminated gold deposits are also associated with this copper porphyry system.

The deposit is contained within a 4.5 km x 4.5 km area with a maximum thickness of 900 m and average overburden cover of 800 m.

The Lower Commercial Skarn (LCS) and North Rim Skarn (NRS) deposits are within the current operations of the Bingham Canyon Mine.

The LCS and NRS deposits are located in the Bingham mining district southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. The Bingham mining district is dominated by the Bingham Canyon coppermolybdenum-gold porphyry system, which consists of the Eocene monzonite-quartz monzonite Bingham Stock and deformed siliciclastic and carbonate country rock of the Palaeozoic Bingham Mine Formation. The underground resource is hosted in two main skarn beds. The LCS is hosted in mineralised skarn of the Lower Commercial limestone, while the NRS deposit is hosted in mineralised skarn of the Lower Jordan Limestone (LJLS). Both are units of the Lower Bingham Mine Formation. This unit is proximal to the Bingham Canyon porphyry system and has been altered to copper-gold hosting calc-silicate skarn through prograde metasomatism with localized retrograde massive sulphide and siderite. This unit has been variably folded and faulted prior to mineralisation, resulting in fold thickening and repetition of the units across faults.

The LCS and NRS deposits lies in the footwall of the southwest dipping Midas thrust fault, west of the older northeast striking and steeply dipping oblique transverse Verona fault. The LCS and NRS deposits are bounded to the south by the Bingham Canyon porphyry monzonite and the Midas fault, open to the north at depth. Paleozoic country rock within the LCS and NRS are folded in an asymmetric anticline, slightly overturned to the east, with a gentle plunge to the north.

Dimensions
The LCS Mineral Resource is contained within a tabular zone approximately 75 m thick and 200 m x 400 m in size. The resource area is flat lying.

The NRS Mineral Resource is contained within a roughly tabular zone dipping moderately northwest, approximately 50 m to 100 m thick, extending 1,000 m along strike, and 900 m down dip.

The LCS and NRS Mineral Resource is located beneath the Bingham Canyon Mine open pit, at approximately the 3,200 level, immediately adjacent to the active underground drainage gallery workings.

Reserves at December 31, 2025

CategoryOre TypeTonnage CommodityGradeRecoverable Metal
Proven & Probable In-Situ (OP) 730 Mt Copper 0.36 % 2.35 Mt
Proven & Probable In-Situ (UG) 8.6 Mt Copper 2.08 % 0.17 Mt
Proven & Probable In-Situ (OP) 730 Mt Gold 0.18 g/t 2.94 M oz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (UG) 8.6 Mt Gold 1.11 g/t 0.21 M oz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (OP) 730 Mt Silver 1.96 g/t 32.68 M oz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (UG) 8.6 Mt Silver 13.86 g/t 2.54 M oz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (OP) 730 Mt Molybdenum 0.03 % 0.14 Mt
Proven & Probable In-Situ (UG) 8.6 Mt Molybdenum 0.014 % 0.001 Mt
Measured In-Situ (UG) 0.9 Mt Copper 1.49 %
Measured In-Situ (UG) 0.9 Mt Gold 0.62 g/t
Measured In-Situ (UG) 0.9 Mt Silver 9.7 g/t
Measured In-Situ (UG) 0.9 Mt Molybdenum 0.027 %
Indicated In-Situ (UG) 32 Mt Copper 1.94 %
Indicated In-Situ (UG) 32 Mt Gold 0.88 g/t
Indicated In-Situ (UG) 32 Mt Silver 12.14 g/t
Indicated In-Situ (UG) 32 Mt Molybdenum 0.011 %
Inferred In-Situ (UG) 24 Mt Copper 2 %
Inferred In-Situ (UG) 24 Mt Gold 0.85 g/t
Inferred In-Situ (UG) 24 Mt Silver 12.51 g/t
Inferred In-Situ (UG) 24 Mt Molybdenum 0.011 %

Mining Methods

  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
  • Longhole open stoping
  • Sub-level open stoping (SLOS)

Summary:

The Kennecott Bingham Canyon open pit Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are contained within the Bingham Canyon copper, gold, silver and molybdenum porphyry deposit and are mined by an open pit.

The Kennecott Bingham Canyon underground Mineral Resources and Ore Reserves are contained within the Bingham Canyon mining district. These resources are mined using a sub-level, long hole open stoping method. Mining areas include the North Rim (NRS) and Lower Commercial (LCS) skarns.

Open Pit
Mining involves a sequence of drilling, blasting, loading, hauling, crushing, and conveying 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 52 weeks a year.

On average, 200 holes 55 feet deep are drilled in a typical day. Each hole is packed with 1,200 pounds of special blasting agents. Explosives are carried out twice a day.

Following the blasts, electric shovels load the ore and waste onto the haulage trucks, which transport the ore to the in-pit crusher and the non-economic material to rock repositories.

Kennecott’s fleet of haul trucks and all heavy machinery at the mine are all fueled by renewable diesel, which being used is a combination of 90% soybean and the remainder animal fat and used cooking oil.

Kennecott Open Pit Extension
The project scope includes mine stripping activities and some infrastructure development, including tailings facility expansion. The project will allow mining to continue into a new area of the orebody between 2026 and 2032.

Stripping will continue through 2027 with sustainable ore production from the second phase of the pushback expected to be reached in H2 2027.

Rio Tinto is progressing feasibility studies to extend open pit mining beyond 2032. If approved, the planned mine expansion could produce around 1.5 million additional tonnes of copper and extend the mine’s life to approximately 2040.

Underground
The selected mining method North Rim Skarn (NRS) and Lower Commercial (LCS) skarns is bottom up, sub-level, long hole open stoping, using a primary secondary sequence with cemented backfill.

Stope dimensions are set at 22.9 m high, 15.2 m wide, and a variable length between 15.2 m to 9.1 m. Permanent development needed to access the deposit will be 6.1 m high by 5.5 m wide, reducing to 5.5 m high by 5.5 m wide for development in the orebody. Stope ground support has been accounted for to aid in stability and is planned for the backs and sides of the upper drift, as well as the brow from which mucking will occur.

External dilution (10% for secondaries, 2.5% for primaries) has been applied to the estimate at zero grade based on an evaluation of the geotechnical parameters with established industry empirical dilution guidelines. Given the arrangement of the mine, the majority of waste dilution is estimated to take place within secondary stopes from the adjacent backfilled primaries with a small amount within primaries from the stope in front.

Ore dilution is expected to occur within primary stopes from the adjacent secondaries with an overall net zero change in ore tonnes.

Two distinct recovery factors have been applied to the estimate, the first being a stope shape factor (92.5%) to deduct areas of the stope which cannot be practically drilled such as the stope “shoulders”. The second being a mining recovery factor (90%) to account for drilled and blasted material or dilution which cannot be mucked out from the stope.

Minimum mining widths have been established and applied to the mine design which underpins the estimate. These are based on the dimensions of the existing mechanized mining fleet, and the expected additional equipment needed to operate the mine (Including allowance for Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) equipment size).

Underground production within LCS started in February 2023, and first production was achieved in June 2024, marking the mine's return to underground production after more than four decades. The LCS is expected to deliver a total of around 30 thousand tonnes of additional mined copper through the period to 2027.

First production from NRS occurred in December 2025.

Infrastructure
Existing site facilities are adequate for NRS and LCS production.

All personnel and materials access the operation via the open pit and surface operations. Recovery of the stated Reserve is dependent on continued pit operations at Kennecott.

Ore material is rehandled at the drainage gallery portal using open pit equipment and hauled to the open pit crusher to be blended with open pit material.

All downstream processing will be done with the existing on site infrastructure.

Heavy Mobile Equipment

HME TypeModelSizeQuantityRef. DateSource
Loader - EV Sandvik LH518B 18 t 1 Jan 2, 2025
Truck (haul) Komatsu 930E 240-320 tons 97 Oct 29, 2024
Truck (haul) - EV Sandvik TH550B 50 t 1 Jan 2, 2025
EV - Electric

Comminution

Crushers and Mills

TypeModelSizePowerQuantity
Gyratory crusher 1
SAG mill 10.4m 3
SAG mill 11.0m 1
Ball mill 8

Summary:

At the in-pit gyratory crusher, approximately 150,000 tons of ore per day are reduced to pieces about 10 inches in diameter. The crushed ore is then transported by a five-mile conveyor system: three miles through a tunnel in the mountain and two miles above ground to the Copperton Concentrator.

All milling is done by the Copperton Concentrator’s four grinding lines consisting of three 10.4 m and one 11 m SAG mill each feeding two ball mills.

Processing

  • Electric furnace
  • Solvent Extraction
  • Autoclave
  • Hydrometallurgical plant / circuit
  • Sulfuric acid (reagent)
  • Chloride leach
  • Hydrochloric acid (reagent)
  • Crush & Screen plant
  • Smelting
  • Flotation
  • Pressure oxidation
  • Dewatering
  • Electrorefining

Summary:

The operation includes Copperton concentrator, Garfield smelter, refinery, and precious metals plant and tailings storage facilities.

In-pit crushed ore is turned into a slurry and transported to the Copperton Concentrator, where copper and molybdenum concentrates are produced through a froth flotation process. The concentrate, which contains about 26 percent copper and by-products such as gold and silver, moves through a pipeline to Kennecott’s smelter, located about 17 miles to the north, for further processing.

Flotation is comprised of a bulk circuit having rougher, scavenger and cleaner lines feeding the Moly Plant where molybdenum disulphide concentrate is produced and bagged for toll roasting. A 25% copper concentrate is pumped 28 km to the Smelter where it is filtered and stockpiled.

Garfield Smelter
The next stage, smelting, is a process of heating and smelting the copper concentrates to cause a chemical reaction, which removes the copper from other elements in the ore. At the smelter, large 750-pound anodes are produced and transported by rail to the refinery. At this stage, the copper is 99 percent pure.

The smelter processes copper concentrate that originates primarily from the Copperton Concentrator and periodically from other mine and mineral processing facilities, along with flux, coolants, and other reagents in order to produce anode copper, sulfuric acid, and rhenium.

The smelter at Kennecott captures 99.9 percent of the sulfur in the feed, making it one of the cleanest in the world. The smelter also recovers heat from the furnaces, which generates 60 percent of the facility’s total electricity.

Refinery
At the refining stage, the copper is in anode form. 750-pound copper anode plates are subjected to an electric current for ten days, transforming them into two 300-pound copper cathodes. This process further separates the copper from other metals, resulting in copper that is 99.99 percent pure.

Precious Metals Plant
The Rio Tinto Kennecott process begins with oxidative leaching in an autoclave to dissolve copper-rich anode slime (Cu > 90%), facilitating the recovery of precious metals. Following this, a filtration step separates the solutions containing dissolved metals from solid residues. Wet chlorination is then employed to dissolve precious metals and selenium.

Wet chlorination of decopperized slimes is achieved through the metered addition of hydrogen peroxide to agitated slurry of slimes suspended in an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid. The process of wet chlorination oxidizes and solubilizes the gold and selenium in the slimes. Hydrogen peroxide is used as the oxidant and hydrochloric acid provides the chloride for gold complex solubility.

Lead is precipitated by adding sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) to form lead carbonate (PbCO3), which aids in extracting other precious metals. Ammonia leaching dissolves silver, and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) combined with sugar is used to precipitate it from the ammonia solution. The precipitated silver is melted in an electric furnace to produce high-quality silver ingots. Solvent extraction is utilized to separate remaining precious metals – gold, silver, platinum, and palladium – from the solution, followed by reductive precipitation with oxalic acid and NaOH to obtain gold in powder form, which is then melted in an electric furnace to create high-quality gold ingots. Finally, selenium is separated via reductive precipitation, while by-products containing gold, silver, platinum and palladium and refined externally to recover these precious metals.

The last step in the production process is to stamp each bar with Kennecott's brand, the lot number, the weight and the fineness of the metal — that is, the percentage of gold or silver in the bar.

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter20252024202320222021202020192018
Copper Head Grade, % 0.4 0.37 0.51 0.53 0.47 0.36 0.5 0.56
Gold Head Grade, g/t 0.16 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.21 0.22 0.28 0.25
Silver Head Grade, g/t 2.12 1.88 2.16 2.36 2.57 2.08 2.6 2.6
Molybdenum Head Grade, % 0.03 0.02 0.017 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.03

Pipelines and Water Supply

TypeMaterialDiameterLengthDescription
Slurry pipeline 17 miles Concentrate pipeline to the smelter.

Water usage

Parameter20232022202120202019
Surface water 66.7 GL61.2 GL66.5 GL64.2 GL61.6 GL
Water use efficiency

Summary:

The site holds surface water rights and shares that provide up to 80.9 GL per year of supply. Annual operational usage may be lower in a given year than the rights and shares provision, reective of the conditions experienced during the year. Where annual operational usage remains below the water rights and shares provision, bypass discharge to the Great Salt Lake is permitted as a benecial use. The long-term average runoff for the catchments associated with the surface rights and shares is estimated to be 800 GL per year.

Kennecott will reduce average annual imported water per ton of ore milled by 5% over the 2014-18 baseline of 393 gal/ton (1,487L/ton) at the Copperton Concentrator by 2023.

With the exception of 2019, annual concentrator water intensity has remained above the 2014-2018 target baseline. Required changes to the concentrator process during 2020 resulted in increased water usage compared to the initial target baseline. Kennecott’s water usage has trended down since the implementation of these changes. Kennecott’s commitment to improve water efficiency through the concentrator successfully reduced intensity in 2022 and 2023 to approximately 10% lower than the period peak recorded in 2021.

Commodity Production

CommodityProductUnits20252024202320222021202020192018201720162015
Copper Cathode kt 134 193 109 148 143 85 185 195 126 156 115
Gold Payable metal koz 117 144 74 114 176 118 219 198 204 135 179
Silver Payable metal koz 1,838 2,314 1,407 1,950 2,671 1,363 2,853 2,865 2,378 1,815 1,843
Molybdenum Metal in concentrate kt 5.1 2.6 1.8 3.3 7.6 20 11 5.8 5 2.8 7.6
Molybdenum Concentrate kt 13 6.5 3.7 6.8 15 41 22 12

Operational metrics

Metrics20252024202320222021202020192018
Annual production capacity 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode 335,000 t of copper cathode
Tonnes processed 37,146 kt of ore (in concentrator) 38,164 kt of ore (in concentrator) 33,126 kt of ore (in concentrator) 37,565 kt of ore (in concentrator) 37,776 kt of ore (in concentrator) 44,676 kt of ore (in concentrator) 42,033 kt of ore (in concentrator) 40,260 kt of ore (in concentrator)
Daily processing capacity 200,000 tons of ore (in concentrator)

Production Costs

Commodity production costs have not been reported.

Mine Financials

Units202520242023202220212020201920182017
Capital expenditures M USD 593   774   735   563   411   618   444   318   249  
Revenue M USD 2,766   2,599   1,430   1,923   2,528   1,529   1,879   1,862   1,352  
Earnings M USD -54   -328   -9   513   149   397   293   78  
EBITDA M USD 870   720   178   857   1,142   588   843   785   539  

Personnel

Mine Management

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
Development Manager Thomas Dormenval LinkedIn Apr 6, 2026
General Manager Surface Josh Bennett LinkedIn Apr 6, 2026
Manager - Mine Productivity Mark Smith LinkedIn Apr 6, 2026
Manager Mine Operational Readiness Braden York LinkedIn Apr 6, 2026
Managing Director Nathan Foster LinkedIn Apr 6, 2026
Mine Manager Kieran McRae LinkedIn Apr 6, 2026

Workforce

EmployeesYear
2,234 2025
2,502 2024
2,411 2023
2,176 2022
2,051 2021
2,171 2020
2,066 2019
1,993 2018
1,734 2017
1,638 2016
1,793 2015

Aerial view: