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Argentina

Pozuelos-Pastos Grandes (PPG) Project

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Overview

Mine TypeIn-Situ
StageConstruction
Commodities
  • Lithium
Mining Method
  • Solution mining
Mine Life... Lock
SnapshotThe Pozuelos-Pastos Grandes (PPG) project, as the Ganfeng’s important lithium salt lake resource layout in Argentina, will be developed into a high-quality lithium salt lake project that is environmentally-friendly, low-carbon and lowcost.

PPG lithium salt-lake project is located in Salta Province, Argentina, and includes two lithium salt lake assets, Pozuelos and Pastos Grandes. The resource of the project is still under further exploration. According to the estimation of Golder Associates Consulting Ltd, the total resource of the PPG project may reach 11.06 million tons of lithium carbonate equivalent. The Ganfeng expects to gradually advance the capacity construction of the PPG project, and as of now the construction of the PPG project is still in the preliminary preparation process.

In March 2023, the pilot plant of PPG project successfully commenced production of lithium carbonate.

Owners

SourceSource
CompanyInterestOwnership
Ganfeng Lithium Group Co., Ltd. 100 % Indirect
LitheA Inc., Sucursal Argentina S.A. (operator) 100 % Direct
In October 2022, the Ganfeng Lithium Group acquired Lithea Inc., of which the main business was the exploration of lithium minerals and production of lithium compounds. The main assets of Lithea was the Pozuelos-Pastos Grandes lithium salt lake project (“PPG project”).

Lithea Inc. owns the PPG project through its wholly owned subsidiary LitheA Inc., Sucursal Argentina S.A..

Deposit type

  • Brine

Summary:

Pastos Grandes and Pozuelos are both classified as salars, which are brine formations containing elevated levels of metals in solution, typically as salts. Salars can be found at elevations from 1,000 [m] to more than 4,000 [m] above sea level. They typically represent the end product of a basin infill process that starts with the erosion of the surrounding relief, beginning with deposition of colluvial talus and fan gravels and grading upwards to sheet sands and playa silts and clays as the basin fills. There are numerous variations on the model and the literature provides ample discussion of the relevant tectonic and sedimentary processes involved in both general and specific terms (Hardie et al, 1978; Reading, 1996; Warren, 1999; Einsele, 2000); and specifically with regard to the Altiplano-Puna (Ericksen and Salas, 1989; Alonso et al, 1991; Chong et al., 1999, Bobst et al, 2001; Lowenstein et al., 2003; Risacher et al., 2003; Vinante and Alonso, 2006).

Lithium brine projects differ significantly from hard rock mining projects due to their fluid nature. The important considerations of a brine deposit are the contained elements and chemistry of the brine and the characteristics of the host aquifer, such as aquifer extent, thickness, internal variations/heterogeneity and the physical aquifer properties, particularly porosity.

Lithium brine projects can be subdivided into two broad ‘deposit types’, depending on the salar characteristics (Houston et. al., 2011):
- Mature salars (those containing extensive thicknesses – often hundreds of meters - of halite, such as the salar de Atacama, the salar Pozuelos and the salar Hombre Muerto operation), and;
- Immature salars, which are dominated by clastic sediments, with (usually) limited thicknesses of halite. Examples are salar de Pastos Grandes, salar Pocitos and salar Olaroz/Cauchari.

Mineralization at salar de Pozuelos and Pastos Grandes consists of a lithium and potassium enriched brine of the SO4-Na-Cl variety. The brine is present throughout the salar as one or more aquifers separated by semi-permeable layers composed of sand/clay/halite mixtures. Borates (as ulexite) are primarily present within the upper 1 [m] – 2 [m] of the playa zone in the northern sector of the salar de Pozuelos basin. Borates at Pastos Grandes may be present in thin zones at almost any depth in the salar.

Sampling of brines at Pozuelos shows that the Mg:Li ratio is typically in the range of approximately 5:1 to 7:1, with lithium grades varying across the salar and with depth, but typically in the range of approximately 300 [mg/l] to approximately 600 [mg/l]. Brines at Pastos Grandes show relatively low surface values for lithum (100 [mg/l] – 300 [mg/l]) but can be locally higher. Samples recovered at depth show increased lithium values typically in the range of 300 [mg/l] to approximately 600 [mg/l]. The average Mg:Li ratio at Pastos Grandes is approximately 6.3:1.

Calcium and sulphate values at Pozuelos and Pastos Grandes are complementary, permitting blending of the brines to achieve efficient precipitation of undesirable salts.

Reserves

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Mining Methods

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Comminution

Crushers and Mills

Milling equipment has not been reported.

Processing

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Production

CommodityUnitsAvg. AnnualLOM
Lithium t 20,000370,000
All production numbers are expressed as carbonate.

Operational metrics

Metrics
Annual production capacity 20,000 t of lithium carbonate *
* According to 2019 study.

Production Costs

CommodityUnitsAverage
Cash costs Li2CO3 USD 2,994 / t *  
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Li2CO3 USD 3,727 / t *  
Assumed price Li2CO3 USD 12,000 / t *  
* According to 2019 study / presentation.

Project Costs

MetricsUnitsLOM Total
Initial CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Total CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Total OpEx $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Gross revenue (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Pre-tax NPV @ 8% $M USD  ......  Subscribe
After-tax NPV @ 8% $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Pre-tax IRR, %  ......  Subscribe
After-tax IRR, %  ......  Subscribe
After-tax payback period, years  ......  Subscribe

Heavy Mobile Equipment

Fleet data has not been reported.

Personnel

Mine Management

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Nov 27, 2024
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jan 17, 2019
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Aerial view:

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