Cortez.
The Cortez deposits are “Carlin” style sedimentary rock-hosted and porphyry/epithermal deposits. Deposits are localized at contacts between contrasting lithologies, metamorphosed to varying extents. They can also be discordant or breccia-related. The deposits are hydrothermal in origin, are usually structurally controlled and at Cortez are hosted in Lower Plate carbonate strata exposed by two erosional windows through allochthonous Upper Plate siliclastic units; the windows are on either side of Crescent Valley.
Mineralization consists primarily of submicron to micrometre-sized gold particles, very fine sulphide grains, and gold in solid solution in pyrite. [Cortez Technical Report 2019. P. 63-67]


Turquoise Ridge.
The Turquoise Ridge Underground deposit is a typical Carlin-type deposit and is characterized by structurally and stratigraphically controlled, sediment-hosted, replacement deposits containing micron-sized gold.
The mineralization at Turquoise Ridge Underground is located in two main zones, North and South. In the North Zone, the strongest mineralization appears to be associated with BPH Limestone, Black Fragmental rocks, and carbonaceous rocks within the Proximal Slope unit. Stratigraphic contacts between these units and contacts with the Cretaceous dikes are important primary controls on mineralization. Powder Hill rocks, Distal Slope rocks, basalts, and dikes are insignificant hosts for mineralization in the north. [Turquoise Ridge Techical Report. P. 81, 74-76]


Goldrush.
In 2011 the discovery of the Red Hill and Goldrush deposits was announced by Barrick. The two deposits are located four miles southeast of the Cortez Hills mine and 15 mi southeast of the Pipeline mine.
Based on the results of wide spaced drilling, Barrick originally outlined two zones of gold mineralization along a seven kilometre long trend. The mineralization is primarily hosted in a favorable carbonate unit and has a tabular geometry. Host rocks are similar to those found at Barrick’s Cortez Hills and Goldstrike mines. The majority of the mineralization intersected to date is refractory and occurs at depths between 150 m and 500 m. Continued drilling of the mineralization has shown that the two deposits are in fact joined. As a result, the deposit has been renamed Goldrush, which includes both Red Hill and the original Goldrush deposits.
[Cortez Technical Report 2019. P. 285]


South Arturo.
The South Arturo Mine is located in the northern end of the Carlin Trend, a 60 km long northnorthwest alignment of sedimentary rock-hosted gold deposits. These deposits are generally known as Carlin-type deposits named after the Carlin deposit. More than 50 million ounces of gold have been mined from the Carlin Trend since 1980. Characteristically, the gold mineralization in Carlin-type gold deposits is dispersed, micron-sized, and found commonly on the rims of pyrite grains in predominately carbonate-bearing host rocks. Decalcification, silicification, and dolomitization are the most dominant alteration features. Generally, there is negligible base metal content, low silver to gold ratios, and a geochemical enrichment in arsenic, antimony, and mercury. [South Arturo 2019 Technical Report 2019. P. 45-47]



Carlin Complex
The mineral deposits along the Carlin Trend form a suite of deposits known as Carlin-type. Carlin deposits comprise stratabound disseminated gold mineralization hosted by Silurian-Devonian carbonate rocks that have been metamorphosed to varying extents. The deposits are hydrothermal in origin and are usually structurally controlled. The carbonate host rocks are part of an autochthonous miogeoclinal carbonate sequence exposed as tectonic windows beneath the Roberts Mountains allochthon. The allochthonous rocks are a sequence of lower Paleozoic dominantly siliciclastic eugeoclinal rocks that were displaced eastward along the Roberts Mountains Thrust over younger units during the Upper Paleozoic Antler Orogeny.
Host rocks are most commonly thinly-bedded silty or argillaceous carbonaceous limestone or dolomite, commonly with carbonaceous shale. Although less mineralized, non-carbonate siliciclastic and rare metavolcanic rocks can locally host gold that reaches economic grades. Felsic plutons and dikes may also be mineralized at some deposits. Deposits typically have a tabular shape and are stratabound, localized at contacts between contrasting lithologies but can also be discordant or breccia-related.
Mineralization consists primarily of micron-sized gold and sulfide grains disseminated in zones of siliciclastic and decarbonated calcareous rocks and are commonly associated jasperoids. Major ore minerals include native gold, pyrite, arsenopyrite, stibnite, realgar, orpiment, cinnabar, fluorite, barite, and rare thallium minerals. Gangue minerals typically comprise fine-grained quartz, barite, clay minerals, carbonaceous matter, and late-stage calcite veins. [Carlin Complex 2019 Technical Report 2019. P. 75-76, 68-74]


Twin Creeks
Twin Creeks is a sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposit.
The Twin Creeks deposit is hosted by black calcareous shales, siltstones, cherts, and basaltic hydroclastic tuffs of Early Ordovician age Comus Formation. Igneous rocks include sills and lava flows of basalts of tholeiitic-to-alkalic composition, and at least one sill of ultramafic composition. The rocks have been hydrothermally altered, including decalcification, silicification, dolomitization, and minor sericitization. The ore contains very high concentrations of As (avg. 5600 ppm, max 38.5 wt%), Sb (avg. 763, max 2.2 wt%), Hg (avg. 25 ppm, max 0.1 wt%, and a high Au/Ag ratio (>10:1). The deposit occurs within a north-south trending belt of gold mineralization that is at least 5.6 Km long and 300-450 m wide. It appears to be localized by a major, deep-seated structural zone (“suture”), and by favorable calcareous lithologies within a major north-west trending overturned anticline. The deposit is concealed under coalescing alluvial material consisting of three lithologic units. The lower unit is thin and discontinuous, composed of gravel containing chert, siltstone, shale and altered basalt. The middle unit is the most voluminous and composed of limestone gravel. The upper unit is fluvially reworked, windblown loess up to 7 m thick. Total overburden thickness is 12-200 m over the mine area. (Bloomstein, 1991). [Newmont Form 10-K 2018. P. 41]

Phoenix
Phoenix is a skarn-hosted polymetallic massive sulfide replacement deposit.
Au-Cu-Ag-Pb-Zn skarn mineralization at Phoenix is centered about the Eocene Copper Canyon granodiorite porphyry stock. Paleozoic sedimentary rocks within two miles of the stock have undergone strong thermal metamorphism (hornfels) and metasomatism (skarn). Metal zonation is manifest by a CuMo core close to the stock grading outward into proximal Cu-Au-Ag, Au-Ag and distal Pb-Zn-Ag mineralization. [Newmont Annual Report 2015. P. 38]


Long Canyon
Long Canyon is a sediment-hosted disseminated gold deposit.
The gold mineralization at Long Canyon is best described as sediment-hosted, Carlin-type gold mineralization.
The mineralization identified at Long Canyon shares many of the characteristics of Carlin-type gold mineralization. [Updated Technical Report on the PEA of the Long Canyon Project. P. 45]


Lone Tree
The Lone Tree gold deposit, Nevada is hosted in Paleozoic calcareous sedimentary rocks. Mineralization is dominantly controlled by high-angle normal faults and fracture sets, as is alteration. Mineralization occurs in the form of disseminations, micro and macro veins, and as a matrix to angular breccia clasts. The paragenesis of minerals indicate four stages of mineralization. [Dating of barite and characterization of ore fluids at the Lone Tree gold deposit. P. 3, 119-120]

Goldstrike Complex.
Conventional open pit and underground mining consisting of the Betze-Post open pit and the Meikle and Rodeo underground mines.

Meikle is a high-grade ore body which is mined by transverse longhole stoping, underhand drift and fill mining methods. Rodeo is a trackless operation, using two different underground mining methods: long-hole open stoping and drift-and-fill.

Cortez.
The Cortez Hills underground mine is accessed by twin declines portaled in the old Cortez Gold F canyon pit. The Pipeline and South Pipeline deposits are mined by conventional open-pit methods.

Cortez Hills pit dimensions: 2km long x 1km wide x 400m deep and Typical bench height 15m.

The underground mining method is underhand cut and fill with a cemented rock fill. Ore is drilled with two boom jumbos, blasted on a round by round basis, loaded into haul trucks, and hauled to surface. Parallel 5m wide by 5.5m high and 3 km declines with crosscuts at every 150m.

Historically, Cortez ore was processed in a 1,800 stpd CIL plant called Mill No. 1, as crushed ore on heap leach pads, and refractory ore was pre-oxidized in a circulating fluid bed roaster. The crushing and leaching circuits were built in 1969; the roasting circuit was completed in 1990. The Mill No. 1 processing facilities were placed on care and maintenance in 1999.

Ore from Cortez can either be processed on site in the oxide processing facilities or transported to the Goldstrike operation for refractory ore treatment.

OXIDE ORE MILLING
Mill No. 2, or the Pipeline mill, was commissioned in 1997 to process oxide ore from the Pipeline open pit mine. The treatment plant currently includes crushing, SAG mill, ball mill, grind thickener, carbon-in-column (CIC) circuit for the grind thickener overflow solution, CIL circuit, tailings counter-current-decantation (CCD) wash thickener circuit, carbon stripping and reactivation circuits, and a refinery to produce ........