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South Africa
Fairbreeze Mine

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 Location:
44 km SW from Richards Bay, South Africa

  Address:
South N2 Toll Road Exit Bridge No. 4
Fairbreeze
South Africa
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeOpen Pit
Commodities
  • Heavy Minerals
  • Titanium
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
  • Hydraulic mining
Processing
  • Gravity separation
  • Hot Acid Leach
  • Desliming
  • Wet Screening
  • Dry Screening
  • Electrostatic separation
  • Spiral concentrator / separator
  • Electric furnace
  • Sulfuric acid (reagent)
  • Smelting
  • Magnetic separation
  • Roasting
Mine Life17 years (as of Jan 1, 2018)
KwaZulu-Natal (“KZN”) Sands operations located on the eastern coast of South Africa consisting of the Fairbreeze mine, a concentration plant, a mineral separation plant and two smelting furnaces that produce titanium slag.
Latest NewsMinerals sands miner & TiO2 major Tronox enters long term solar power purchase deal for South Africa with SOLA Group     March 24, 2022


Owners

Source: p. 41,121
CompanyInterestOwnership
Exxaro Resources Ltd. 26 % Indirect
Tronox Holdings Plc. 74 % Indirect
Tronox KZN Sands (Pty) Ltd. (operator) 100 % Direct
KwaZulu-Natal (“KZN”) Sands operations are 74%-owned by Tronox Holdings plc through its subsidiary Tronox KZN Sands (Pty) Ltd, with the remaining 26% being owned by Exxaro Resources Ltd.

Deposit Type

  • Mineral sands
  • Sedimentary


Summary:

The Fairbreeze paleo dune complex is an elongated body extending south-southwestward from the town of Mtunzini for about 12 kilometers, reaching a maximum width of about two kilometers and a maximum elevation of 109 meters. Surface drainages have dissected the deposit into five discrete ore bodies, Fairbreeze A, B, C, C-Extension and D. The deposit is hosted by fine-grained sand and silt in a north-northeast trending complex of strandline/paleo dune couplets two kilometers inland from the modem coastline.

Fairbreeze is part of a regional near-shore, coast-parallel corridor of terraces and dunes composed of reddish-colored sands, the “Berea Red Sands,” along the southeastern coast of Africa from Durban to Mombasa. As with most heavy mineral sand deposits, iron-titanium oxides, rutile, zircon and other heavy minerals in the HM assemblage at Fairbreeze are inherited from their source rock provenance and modified by selective sorting during deposition. The Natal Metamorphic Province and younger rift-related basalts are interpreted as the primary source for the Fairbreeze heavy minerals. Terrestrial weathering of terrace deposits to oxidize iron minerals, followed by a period of extensive reworking of coastal sediment by static sea levels completed the formation of the Fairbreeze deposit.


Mining Methods

  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
  • Hydraulic mining


Summary:

The Fairbreeze deposit is hosted by deeply weathered “Berea-type” sands which are mined using a combination of track dozers and a hydraulic mining technique.

During 2016 & 1st half of 2017, the mining rate using the hydraulic method was constrained to +/- 900 tph (approximately 60% of required tonnage). During the 2nd half of 2017, Tronox implemented the use of earth moving equipment to mechanically break the hard layers in the orebody before hydraulic mining. This improved the mining rate to approximately 1 100 tph. An increase in dozing times by using mechanical mining on a 24/7 basis at C Extension is expected to further improve production by about 30%.

Primary mining method: Hydraulic mining
Hydraulic Mining - At our Fairbreeze mine in KZN, we employ a hydraulic mining method for mineral sands due to the topography of the ore body and the ore characteristics. A jet of high-pressure water is aimed at the mining face, thereby cutting into and loosening the sand so that it collapses on the floor. The water acts as a carrier medium for the sand, due to the high fines (mineral particles that are too fine to be economically extracted and other materials that remain after the valuable fraction of an ore has been separated from the uneconomic fraction) content contained in the ore body. The slurry generated by the hydraulic monitors flows to a collection sump where oversize material is removed and the slurry is then pumped to the primary concentration plant.

Secondary mining method
Use of earth moving equipment (excavators, bulldozers, dump trucks) for certain activities:
• Bush clearing and topsoil stripping
• Stripping barren areas in orebody
• Rehabilitation - once area mined and filled with sand tailings: shaping, covering with layer of reconstituted soil and topsoil and vegetating.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Gravity separation
  • Hot Acid Leach
  • Desliming
  • Wet Screening
  • Dry Screening
  • Electrostatic separation
  • Spiral concentrator / separator
  • Electric furnace
  • Sulfuric acid (reagent)
  • Smelting
  • Magnetic separation
  • Roasting

Source: Subscription required

Summary:

Heavy mineral concentrate from the Fairbreeze mine, located about 45 km south of Richards Bay, are separated into valuable co-products at our Central Processing Complex (CPC) at Empangeni, about 20 km west of Richards Bay. llmenite is fed to a dual-furnace electric arc smelter. Titanium slag and pig iron from the smelter and valuable mineral concentrates are exported from Richards Bay, one of the world’s largest bulk shipping ports.

Processing
Both wet and dry mining techniques utilize wet concentrator plants to produce a high grade of heavy mineral concentrate (typically approximately 90% to 98% heavy mineral content). Screened ore is first deslimed, a process by which slimes are separated from larger particles of minerals, and then washed through a series of spiral separators that use gravity to separate the heavy mineral sands from lighter materials, such as quartz. Residue from the concentration process is pumped back into either the open pits or slimes dams for reh ........


Production:

CommodityProductUnits2019201820172016
Zircon Mineral in concentrate kt  ......  Subscription required534631
Rutile Mineral in concentrate kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Titanium Slag kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Iron Pig kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics20202019201820172016
Annual production capacity  ......  Subscription required25,000 t of rutile mineral in concentrate25,000 t of rutile mineral in concentrate25,000 t of rutile mineral in concentrate25,000 t of rutile mineral in concentrate
Annual production capacity  ......  Subscription required220,000 t of titanium slag220,000 t of titanium slag220,000 t of titanium slag220,000 t of titanium slag
Annual production capacity  ......  Subscription required120,000 t of iron pig121,000 t of iron pig121,000 t of iron pig121,000 t of iron pig
Annual production capacity  ......  Subscription required55,000 t of zircon mineral in concentrate55,000 t of zircon mineral in concentrate55,000 t of zircon mineral in concentrate55,000 t of zircon mineral in concentrate
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at December 31, 2020:
Containing leucoxene is reported included into rutile grade.
Total heavy minerals densities >2.85 g/cm3 regardless of commercial value.
Cut-off grade is 1.5% ilmenite.

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven 214 Mt Heavy Minerals 5.7 % 12.2 Mt
Proven 12.2 Mt Zircon 7.7 %
Proven 12.2 Mt Rutile 7.3 %
Proven 12.2 Mt Ilmenite 61.7 %
Probable 11 Mt Heavy Minerals 3.7 % 0.4 Mt
Probable 0.4 Mt Zircon 7 %
Probable 0.4 Mt Rutile 5 %
Probable 0.4 Mt Ilmenite 52 %
Proven & Probable 225 Mt Heavy Minerals 5.6 % 12.6 Mt
Proven & Probable 12.6 Mt Zircon 7.7 %
Proven & Probable 12.6 Mt Rutile 7.2 %
Proven & Probable 12.6 Mt Ilmenite 61.4 %


Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
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Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Staff:

EmployeesTotal WorkforceYear
Subscription required 2021
Subscription required 2019

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
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Form 10-K 2018
Form 10-K 2017
Form 10-K 2016
Form 10-K 2014
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

News:

NewsDate
Minerals sands miner & TiO2 major Tronox enters long term solar power purchase deal for South Africa with SOLA Group March 24, 2022

Aerial view:

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