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South Africa
Sishen Mine

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 Location:
192 km SW from Vryburg, South Africa

  Regional Office:
124 Akerboom Street
Centurion
South Africa
0157
Phone+27-12-683-7000
Fax086-295-0746
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeOpen Pit
Commodities
  • Iron (hematite)
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Processing
  • Jig plant
  • Dense media separation
Mine Life13 years (as of Jan 1, 2019)
Sishen is one of the largest open pit mines in the world – some 14km long. The jig plant at Sishen mine is the largest of its type in the world.


Owners

Source: p. 197
CompanyInterestOwnership
Anglo American plc. 53.4 % Indirect
Kumba Iron Ore Ltd. 76.3 % Indirect
Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd. 100 % Direct
Sishen and Kolomela are fully owned by the Sishen Iron Ore Company (Pty) Ltd (SIOC). Kumba Iron Ore Limited has a 76.3% interest in SIOC (2018: 76.3%). Including shares held by Kumba Iron Ore in relation to its own employee share schemes, the Group’s effective interest in Kumba Iron Ore is 70.02%. Consequently, the Group’s effective interest in SIOC is 53.4% (2018: 53.6%).

Deposit Type

  • Banded iron formation

Source: Source p.72

Summary:

Sishen mine is host to a large haematite orebody (±14km by 3.2km by 400m). Its lump ore is highly valued by steelmakers. Sishen’s lump to fine ratio is of the order of 60:40, while the global average is 30:70.

At Sishen Iron Ore Mine, high-grade hematite ore is extracted from specific stratigraphic units belonging to the Palaeo-Proterozoic (~ 2400 million years (Ma)) Transvaal and (~ 2070 Ma) Olifantshoek Supergroups, respectively.

The Superior-type banded iron-formations (BIF’s) of the Transvaal Supergroup lithologies were deposited in two related basins, one in an extensive continental shelf environment and the other in an intra-continental sea, both situated on the Kaapvaal craton.

The basin, preserved along the western margin of the Kaapvaal craton, is referred to as the Griqualand West basin and hosts the largest known resources of high-grade hematite ore on the Southern African continent.

The mine is situated in the Postmasburg-Sishen sub-region, where iron ore and associated lithologies of the Transvaal (locally termed Griqualand West Sequence) and Olifantshoek Supergroups crop out intermittently along a 60 km arcuate belt. The iron ore outcrops define an important regional anticlinal structure known as the Maremane Dome.

The Sishen Iron Ore Mine is located at the northern end of the Maremane anticline, with the Beeshoek Mine and new Kolomela Mine, at the southern end.


Mining Methods

  • Truck & Shovel / Loader

Source: p.24, 45-51

Summary:

Description of Mining Method.
Sishen Mine is a conventional open pit mining operation applying a pushback deployment strategy. The distinctive mining areas are North Mine (G80 and G50), Middle Mine, Dagbreek, Vliegveld, Far South and Lyleveld. Material is drilled, blasted, loaded by electric and diesel (rope and hydraulic) shovels and hauled by trucks to either the primary crusher, high-grade or low-grade stockpiles or waste dumps. Benches are 12.5 m high. The ore from the opencast pit is transported to the beneficiation plant where it is crushed, screened and beneficiated through dense media separation and Jig technology.

Mine design.
The practical final pit design is based on the optimal pit shell from the approved 2014 Whittle Optimisation. Through a Strategic redesign programme the pushbacks were optimised for practicality (width), ore exposure and flexibility (available face positions) considering the available pit space.

Iron ore mining operations.
Mining started in outcrop and shallow ore areas along the north to south strike of the ore body and is generally progressing in a westerly direction along the dip of the ore body, with the mine pit becoming increasingly deeper towards the west. Four types of hard iron ore, namely massive, laminated, conglomerated and brecciate iron ore are mined. Blast hole drilling is a continuous process and blasting is done once a day, typically in the early afternoons between 12h00 and 14h00, at each of the active mining areas within the mine pit.

In 2007, Sishen Mine and Khumani Mine received DMR approval to mine the boundary pillar between the Sishen and Khumani mine pits. Once the boundary pillar has been mined, the Sishen and Khumani mine pits will be joined into one.

Vliegveld West Satellite Pit (Sishen 543 Prospecting Right Area - 1021/2007 PR).
The Vliegveld West satellite pit is situated south of the Dingleton town and is part of the current mining right area. It extends onto the Sishen 543 prospecting right area and has a reserve of 14.7 Mt with an average JIG beneficiated Fe grade of 65.8%. Vliegveld West is mined from 2020 onwards in the lifeof- operation schedule.

The Doornvlei Satellite Pit (Gamagara 541 Prospecting Right Area - 319/2006 PR). Doornvlei is situated west of the Dingleton town and has an additional resource of 37.7 Mt with a high average DMS Beneficiated Fe grade of 66.3%. Doornvlei plays an important role to enhance the product grade in the life-of- operation schedule.

Parsons Satellite Pit (Sishen 543 Prospecting Right Areas - 1021/2007 PR and Parsons 564 - 320/2006 PR).
The Parsons Satellite pit is planned south of the current Sishen pit and has a speculative resource, categorised as a 15.4 Mt deposit, with an average in-situ Fe grade of 64%. The importance of the Parsons Satellite pit is that it can significantly contribute to the production schedule toward the end of the life- of-operation and may develop into a significant production area in the future. The geological confidence in the Parsons deposit needs to be improved by exploration and in-fill drilling.


Crushing and Grinding
Source: Source p.12, 30-33


Processing

  • Jig plant
  • Dense media separation

Flow Sheet: Source

Summary:

Sishen Mine is an existing mining operation, operating under an existing mining right (NC 259 MR) and approved Environmental Management Programme (2002, as amended) for the mining and processing of iron ore. The main focus being the beneficiation of A-grade ore (haematite containing >58% iron) by means of Dense Media Separation (DMS). Since 2006, the inclusion of a JIG plant has allowed for B-grade material (haematite containing >48% iron) also to be processed. All other material originating from the run of mine (low grade material) has been placed on site as residue dumps or stockpiles due to the absence of a suitable beneficiation process available to process to the low-grade ore.

Ultra-High Dense Media Separation (UHDMS) is a recently proven technology that will allow for the processing of future low-grade material (particularly C-grade material) originating from the ongoing mining operations as run of mine (ROM) as well as some of the low-grade material that has historically been dumped on site due to the lack of available technology. C-grade material refers to lower grade ore types containing between 40% and 48% iron.

The C-grade material to be processed will be sourced from the ROM (is part of the hanging and footwall that are already included in the mining sequence) as well as surface stockpiles. Cgrade material arising from the ROM since January 2016 has also been stockpiled separately on some of the waste rock dump areas with the anticipation that it could be processed through the future UHDMS plant. The anticipated ROM of C-grade material is 7-26 Mtpa.

UHDMS Primary Crusher (UPC).
An additional primary crusher (UPC) will be required for the processing of some of the material as the existing DMS and JIG plant crushers do not have capacity to process all of the additional ROM. A-grade and/or C-grade ore shall be crushed by the existing primary and secondary DMS crushers which have capacity of 26 Mtpa. The UPC will serve to crush additional feed material to the UHDMS and this could include both A-grade, B-grade & C-grade as well as lower grade material.

DMS Upgrade.
The existing DMS Processing Plant at Sishen is to be upgraded to allow for the incorporation of UHDMS which will allow for the co-processing of both high (A-grade) and low (C-grade) grade material. The JIG plant will continue to process the B-grade material and some of the A- grade material due to a revised feed strategy. The current DMS plant comprises the following sections:
- Washing & Screening Plant;
- A Coarse Drum Plant;
- A Medium Drum Plant;
- A Coarse Cyclone Plant;
- A Fine Cyclone Plant;
- An Up-Current Classifier (UCC) Plant.

The DMS components at the existing DMS Processing Plant will be converted to UHDMS processes by the replacement of the drums currently used in the beneficiation process with cyclones; and also modifying the existing media density circuits as well as crushing circuits. The following changes are currently envisaged for the existing DMS Plant:

- The existing Washing & Screening Plant at the DMS Plant will be modified. This will involve the modification of the screen panel sizes.
- The material from the Washing & Screening plant shall be sent to the Quaternary Crushing Plant to crush the material as required by UHDMS technology.
- A new oversize conveying system will be erected from the existing Washing & Screening Plant to the existing conveyor feeding the stockpiles ahead of the exiting Quaternary Crushing Plant.
- No changes will be made to the Quaternary Crushing Plant.
- The crushed material from the Quaternary Crushers shall be sent to the Quaternary Screening plant which will separate the material into three size fractions. The existing Quaternary Screening Plant will be modified to Screen Quaternary oversize material after Quaternary Crushing.
- Upgrade of the existing Drum Plant by removing drums and replacing with cyclones. The Drum Plant will be converted to a coarse UHDMS Plant.
- Development of a new conveyor from the Quaternary Screening Plant to the existing Drum Plant.
- Upgrade of the existing Coarse and Fine Cyclone Plant involving upgrades to specific densification systems.
- The existing Coarse Cyclone Plant will be converted to the Fine UHDMS Plant.
- The existing Fine Cyclone Plant will be converted to the Superfine UHDMS Plant.
- Development of a new conveyor from the Quaternary Screening Plant to the existing Fine Cyclone Plant.
- The UCC Plants will be modified to treat grits, if required.
- Feeders at the in-pit stockpile will be replaced next to the DMS Tertiary Crushers.
- Modification of the product transfer, common lump product and plant discard conveyor.
- Two new conveyors at the Discard Transfer Station and a new Discard Emergency Stockpile at the foot of the existing Discard Dump.


Production:

CommodityUnits202020192018201720162015
Iron (hematite) Mt 29 ^2929312831
All production numbers are expressed as lump & fines. ^ Guidance / Forecast.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics202020192018201720162015
Waste 175 Mt ^181.1 Mt182 Mt161.7 Mt137.1 Mt222.2 Mt
Total tonnes mined 218.8 Mt220.5 Mt199.5 Mt178.3 Mt261.4 Mt
Stripping / waste ratio 4.8 4.7 4.3 3.3 5.7
^ Guidance / Forecast.

Reserves at December 31, 2019:

CategoryOreTypeTonnage CommodityGrade
Proven In-Situ (OP) 299.8 Mt Iron (hematite) 58.5 %
Probable Stockpiles 12.2 Mt Iron (hematite) 58.7 %
Probable In-Situ (OP) 207.3 Mt Iron (hematite) 56.2 %
Proven & Probable Stockpiles 12.2 Mt Iron (hematite) 58.7 %
Proven & Probable In-Situ (OP) 507.1 Mt Iron (hematite) 57.6 %
Measured & Indicated Stockpiles 22.2 Mt Iron (hematite) 43.9 %
Measured & Indicated In-Situ (OP) 373.7 Mt Iron (hematite) 55.3 %
Inferred In-Situ (OP) 24.5 Mt Iron (hematite) 52.2 %

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits201920182017201620152014
Cash costs Iron (hematite) USD 23.9 / t 21.9 / t 22 / t 20.2 / t 24.4 / t 25.1 / t

Financials:

Units201920182017201620152014
Capital expenditures M ZAR 1,693  2,508  88   2,508  
Revenue M ZAR 40,698  29,383  30,252  26,644   23,869   33,094  
EBITDA M ZAR 28,695  20,261  18,842  16,186  


Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
Chief Operating Officer Vijay Kumar LinkedIn Aug 13, 2020
Drilling & Blasting Manager Freedom Moseamedi LinkedIn Aug 13, 2020
Plant Production Manager Jaco Bruwer LinkedIn Aug 12, 2020
Process Operations Manager Bongani Mohlongo LinkedIn Aug 13, 2020

Staff:

EmployeesContractorsTotal WorkforceYear
4,370 4,306 8,676 2019
4,312 4,440 8,752 2018
4,194 3,112 7,306 2017
4,040 1,426 5,466 2016
5,575 2,269 7,844 2015
5,736 2,582 8,318 2014

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Annual Report 2019
Annual Report 2019
Integrated Report 2019
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2019
Environmental Assessment 2018
Integrated Report 2018
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2018
Environmental Assessment 2017
Integrated Report 2017
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2017
Integrated Report 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2016
Integrated Report 2015
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2015
Integrated Report 2014
Integrated Report 2011

Aerial view:

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