Much of southern Saskatchewan is underlain by the Prairie Evaporite Formation, a layered sequence of salts and anhydrite which contains one of the world’s largest deposits of potash. The potash extracted from the predominantly sylvinite ore has its main use as a fertilizer.

The 100 m to 200 m thick Prairie Evaporite Formation is overlain by approximately 500 m of Devonian carbonates, followed by 100 m of Cretaceous sandstone, and 400 m of Cretaceous shales and Pleistocene glacial tills to surface; it is underlain by Devonian carbonates (Fuzesy, 1982). The Phanerozoic stratigraphy of Saskatchewan is remarkable in that units are flat-lying and relatively undisturbed over very large areas. Rocanville stratigraphy differs slightly from this regional model in that Mississippian carbonates and Jurassic clastics are present.

Potash mineralization in this region of Saskatchewan is predominantly sylvinite, which is comprised mainly of the minerals sylvite (KCl) and halite or rock salt (NaCl), with minor carnallite (KMgCl3 · 6H2O) and water insolubles. Potash fertilizer is concentrated, nearly pure KCl (i.e. greater than 95% pure KCl), but ore grade is traditionally reported on a % K2O equivalent basis. The “% K2O equivalent” gives a standard measurement of the nutrient value of different potassium-bearing rocks and minerals. To convert from % K2O equivalent tonnes to actual KCl tonnes, multiply by 1.58.

There are three mineable potash members within th ........

At Rocanville, potash ore is mined using conventional mining methods, whereby:
- Shafts are sunk to the potash ore body;
- Continuous mining machines cut out the ore, which is hoisted to surface through the shafts;
- Raw potash is processed and concentrated in a mill on surface; and
- Concentrated finished potash products (near-pure KCl) are sold and shipped to markets in North America and offshore.

Sinking of the two original shafts (Shaft #1 and Shaft #2) from surface to the potash zone was completed in early 1970, and the first potash ore was hoisted by the fall of that year. The Rocanville mine has run on a continuous basis since the first ore was hoisted in 1970, other than short-term shutdowns taken for inventory management purposes or occasional plant maintenance and construction work.

Virtually all Rocanville underground mining rooms are in one potash mineralized zone, within the Esterhazy Member the Prairie Evaporite Formation (the host evaporite salt). In contrast, Nutrien potash mines further west in Saskatchewan, mine in a different potash layer, the Patience Lake Member of the Prairie Evaporite. Saskatchewan potash geology is illustrated in Figure 16. Rocanville mine elevations range from approximately 895 m to 1,120 m. Mine workings are protected from aquifers in overlying formations by approximately 30 m of overlying salt and potash beds, along with salt plugged porosity in the Lower Dawson Bay Formation, a carbonat ........

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