All the deposits at Zawar are hosted by epizonal metamorphosed dolomites of the Tiri Formation, Aravalli Supergroup (1.7 – 1.8 Ma), either in north-south structures (Post-Aravalli orogeny) or in W-E structures (Delhi orogeny). The mineralisation comprises sphalerite and galena as disseminations or veinlets in bodies defined by grade contacts only. Silver mineralisation has been concentrated in the upper levels of the mines which have been depleted either by historical mining of earlier modern mining. The deposits are either tabular, steeply northeast-dipping and west-plunging (Mochia and Balaria), or complex-shaped lenses following the Northern plunge of a fold-axis (Zawarmala). At Baroi, mineralisation is largely disseminated and organised in poorly constrained Northwest dipping bodies.

The deposits are considered to be syn-metamorphic stratabound carbonate-hosted (dolomite) lead-zinc deposits (Mississippi Valley Type in the wider sense). There are minor cross cutting post-mineralisation intrusives of Precambrian and Cretaceous age. The deposits have the following general geometry:
• Mochia Central: strike: 1,050m E – W, consisting of 8 lenses; lenses strike 60 - 200m; Dip 80-85º towards the S; Width 2-45m; dominant plunge of 50-60º towards the SW.
• Mochia West: strike: 1,800m E – W, consisting of 32 lenses; lenses strike 60 – 150m; Dip 80-85º towards the S; Width 2 – 20m; dominant plunge of 50-60º towards the SW.
• Balaria Central: strike: 1,05 ........

Mining methods implemented at the four operations are the same with an underground sub level open stoping mine extraction with backfill.

Sub-level Open Stoping (Longitudinal & Transverse)
The litho-environment is competent and self-supporting and thus allows for adoption of open stoping mining method. Longitudinal & Transverse sub-level open stoping method of mining shall be continued with some variants for optimizing mine development quantum, enhancing mechanization, productivity and optimizing ore recovery during Mining Plan and Conceptual Mining period. The various modifications for improvement are as follows:
- Ramp connectivity from Surface at all mines, connecting various levels & sub-levels thus allowing high level of mechanization for development, drilling and ore hauling. The decline from surface allows greater flexibility in operation as it is possible to lower down mining equipment through it. It will enable additional ore hoisting capacity and faster man & material movement to UG location.
- Use of remote control LHD for mucking operation allowing mining of ore being blocked in trough pillars and improving blasted ore recovery into stopes.
- Hauling of ore / waste from underground to surface through 60T/30T/20T LPDTs.
- Sublevel stoping with post backfilling.

Mochia Mine
The sequence of stoping involves creation of 80 m wide stopes leaving 20m/25m wide pillars in between two stope panels up to 57mRL. The stopes b ........

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The ROM ore from the four mines comprising the Zawar mining complex is treated at a central mineral processing plant located in the main administrative area close to the Mochia and Balaria mines.
The mineral processing consists of:
• transportation of ROM ore to the processing facility;
• communition (crusher and grinding);
• concentration (floatation);
• drying of concentrate (thickening and filtration);
• dispatch of concentrate to smelter(s), and
• transportation of rejects (tailings) to a tailings storage facility.

The processing plant consist of two independent assemblies:
• “Mill 1” has capacity to treat 2.7 Mtpa - this plant is the older of the two.
• “Mill 2” has capacity to treat 2.0 Mtpa. Mill 2 was commissioned in March 2019.

Lead Floatation
The Mill 1 lead floatation section consists of two streams named Mochia and Balaria which have the same modes of operation. The lead floatation stream comprises roug ........