The Suzdal deposit is located on the northwest flank of the Western Kalba gold-bearing belt, Semipalatinsk Irtysh Region (Semey Ertis), Eastern Kazakhstan, in which numerous gold deposits and gold occurrences of different types are hosted in carbonaceous black shales and clastic rocks of Carboniferous age (Kovalev et al., 2009). The Western Kalba belt is considered a terrigenous accretionary complex, located between island arcs of Devonian–Carboniferous age–Rudnyi Altai in the north-east and Zharma-Saur to the south-west, and divided into two metallogenic zones. The Char – Zimunai Belt with Ni-Co and Au mineralization on the southwest and the West Kalba-Koksentau gold zone in the northeast (Kovalev et al., 2012).

The Suzdal deposit is located at the juncture of the NW-trending Char-Gornostai-Zimunai and NE- trending Suzdal fault zones, hosted in carbonaceous carbonate-clastic rocks of the Arkalyk Formation of Serpukhovian stage. These rocks are thrust northeastward over the continental deposits of the Maitubinsk Formation, along the NW-trending Gornostai overthrust.

The host rocks of the deposit comprise calcareous and carbonaceous siltstone, marl alternating with limestone lenses, and limestones. The mineralization is located within a 4 km long and 300 to 400 m wide, NE-trending Suzdal fault-controlled zone as SW-oriented en-echelon structures with dips of 40° to 90° SE (Kovalev et al., 2009).

Gold deposits hosted in carbonate and clastic se ........

Suzdal underground mine comprises three main ore zones, Zone 2, Zone 4 and Zone 137. Workings currently extend to 610 m below surface and will reach 800 m depth upon depletion of the current Ore Reserves. Two shafts exist for emergency access only. Development mining is achieved using modern electro-hydraulic single and twin boom drill jumbos to drill blastholes, diesel powered load-haul-dump loaders (“LHD”) to clean the blasted rock from each blasted advance, and diesel powered articulated dump trucks (“ADT”) to haul broken rock to surface (ore) or to underground voids to be used as backfill. Production is achieved using variants of the long-hole sub-level open stoping method, either top-down “uphole benching” with eventual backfilling, or bottom-up “Avoca” progressively backfilling each sublevel. Blastholes are drilled using dedicated electro-hydraulic long-hole drill rigs, blasted ore is removed with LHD and ore is transported to surface with ADT. Surface is accessed through four transport declines with 8° inclination. Three declines exit the mine through previously mined open pits, while the fourth, from Zone 4, exits through a dedicated box-cut excavation. Development waste is used for backfilling and is transport from development faces to filling locations by LHD or truck. Stability of the workings is maintained by the installation of ground support (friction anchors, mesh sheets, shotcrete), leaving supporting pillars of ore unmined, for later extraction, and fi ........

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