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Zambia
Sentinel Mine

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 Location:
60 km W from Manyama, Zambia

  Address:
Mwinilunga Road (T5), Solwezi District
Kalumbila
Zambia
Phone  ...  Subscription required
Fax+260212247410
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Fleet
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeOpen Pit
Commodities
  • Copper
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Processing
  • Flotation
Mine Life15 years (as of Jan 1, 2019)


Owners & OPERATOR

Source: p. 12
CompanyInterestOwnership
First Quantum Minerals Ltd. 100 % Indirect
Kalumbila Minerals Ltd. (operator) 100 % Direct
First Quantum Minerals Ltd has a 100% interest in the Trident Project, through a subsidiary operating entity, Kalumbila Minerals Ltd (KML).

Deposit Type

  • Vein / narrow vein
  • Sediment-hosted


Summary:

The Sentinel deposit is a sediment-hosted stratiform copper deposit. Mineralisation is predominantly primary sulphide copper, with sheet-like horizons of ore dipping north at 20-30o . The mineralisation is parallel to dominant foliation, within the structurally deformed carbonaceous phyllite host.

Copper mineralisation at Sentinel is limited to the strongly deformed phyllite unit, with rare lowgrade mineralisation extending only 1-2 metres into the hanging and foot-wall from the contact. The ore-body strikes approximately east-west for 11 km and mineralised horizons dip 20 to 30 degrees in a northerly direction, generally parallel to the dominant foliation.

The dominant copper-bearing mineral is chalcopyrite and typically occurs within bedding/foliation parallel quartz-kyanite-carbonate mm-scale veinlets. Within folded zones, veinlets tend to be thicker (mm scale), blebby, and more irregular, and often contain a relatively higher proportion of chalcopyrite. Late sulphide-bearing cross-cutting veinlets and disseminated or blebby chalcopyrite are less common.

The oxidised horizon, up to approximately 70 m in depth, contains non-primary sulphide Cuminerals, predominantly chalcocite, and tarnished chalcopyrite. The top 5-15 metres from surface is typically leached of copper, or contains mixed refractory copper and trace oxide minerals.

Nickel-cobalt mineralisation exists predominantly in the form of cobalt-pentlandite, with trace amounts of vaesite. Apart from rare sporadic metre-scales lenses (likely related to structures) the Ni-Co mineralisation occurs as a discrete horizon within the ‘footwall’ phyllite. ‘Footwall’ phyllite refers to the lowermost portion of phyllite that tends to be barren, or very low in copper mineralisation. Ni-Co mineralisation is best developed in the NE extent of the deposit, proximal to the Kalumbila Fault.


Mining Methods

  • Truck & Shovel / Loader


Summary:

The Sentinel Pit is being mined in a series of terraced phases, using large-scale mining equipment, and with mining costs expected to be minimised through the adoption of bulk mining and ore handling methods featuring electric shovels and drill rigs, trolley-assisted (TA) haulage, and in-pit primary crushing and conveying (IPCC). Waste and ore haul cycle times, and hence fuel consumption, are expected to be reduced through the adoption of TA and IPCC.

Open pit mining at Sentinel commenced in two surface box-cut areas of the Phase 1 Pit; ie, in the north west boxcut in April 2013, and then in the south boxcut from early 2014. Since 2013-2014, mining has proceeded in the Phase 1 pit to a current depth of approximately 200 m.

The Phase 2 pit, immediately to the east, was progressively cleared and grade control drilled from 2016. Mining from the southern pit crest limits, 800 m across to the Musangezhi River, now extends along a strike length of 1.2 km and to a depth of approximately 25 m.

Mining follows conventional drill and blast, shovel and truck mining practice. The sequence of mining activities is also conventional and is generally as follows:
- RC grade control drilling delineates the ore zones
- a grade control model is developed from which blast limits and digging blocks are designed
- ore and waste blocks are blasted to design, according to layouts based on varying hole patterns and powder factors to suit prevailing ground conditions
- specific blast designs are engineered to suit excavations in close proximity to in-pit crushers and conveyors
- trim blasts and perimeter blasting techniques are used to ensure pit wall profiles are cut to the correct angle and to minimise wall damage
- electric and diesel/hydraulic shovels and excavators load the blasted rock into a fleet of 330 to 360 tonne and 240 tonne capacity haul trucks
- ore is hauled direct to IPCs or to active and long-term stockpiles, whilst waste is hauled to surface dump tip heads
- trolley assisted haulage is currently in use for waste hauls, and is proposed for future ore hauls from increasingly deeper mining elevations.

Noteworthy changes from the 2015 Technical Report (FQM, May 2015) production plan are:
- the proposed expansion of cupriferous ore processing to 62 Mtpa, commencing in 2022
- a commensurate increase in total mining movement capacity to about 180 Mtpa from 2022, and 190 Mtpa from 2026
- installation of a fourth IPC during 2021, near-surface, in the Phase 2 pit


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Flotation

Flow Sheet: Subscription required

Summary:

Sentinel copper ores have an average copper grade of approximately 0.50% Cu. At a processing rate of 55 Mtpa and with 90% recovery, the annual production of copper (in concentrate) is approximately 247,500 tpa Cu.

The processing plant design is based on a conventional sulphide ore flotation circuit designed to treat 55 Mtpa of ore, with a separate 4 Mtpa circuit designed to process nickel ore feed from Enterprise project or additional copper ore feed from Sentinel. [2019 AR, p. 31]

62 Mtpa processing is now proposed, commencing from 2022.

The concentrator circuit comprises:
- in-pit crushing of run of mine (ROM) ore
- conveying of primary crushed ore to secondary crushing and to ore stockpiles
- partial secondary crushing of primary crushed ore prior to stockpiles
- SAG and ball milling of crushed ore, with size classification by hydrocyclones. A grind size of 80% passing 212 µm is targeted
- flash Flotation for fast floating co ........

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter20192018201720162015
Copper Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Copper Head Grade, % 0.50.50.530.570.56
Copper Concentrate Grade, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Production:

CommodityUnits202020192018201720162015
Copper kt  ......  Subscription required ^  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required19114033
All production numbers are expressed as metal in concentrate. ^ Guidance / Forecast.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics20192018201720162015
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required37,960 kt13,907 kt
Waste  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required82,098 kt95,181 kt
Annual mining capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Tonnes processed  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required36,369 kt14,016 kt
Annual processing capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required55 Mt
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at December 31, 2019:

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven & Probable 876.8 Mt Copper 0.46 % 4,012 kt
Measured 657.7 Mt Copper 0.48 % 3,140 kt
Indicated 303 Mt Copper 0.41 % 1,240 kt
Measured & Indicated 960.7 Mt Copper 0.46 % 4,380 kt
Inferred 62.3 Mt Copper 0.36 % 226.46 kt

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits2019201820172016
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Copper USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 2.19 / lb 2.13 / lb
C1 cash costs Copper USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 1.7 / lb 1.47 / lb
C3 fully allocated costs Copper USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 2.45 / lb 2.16 / lb
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Financials:

Units20202019201820172016
Capital expenditures (planned) M USD  ......  Subscription required
Capital expenditures M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Revenue M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Operating Income M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Gross profit M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
EBITDA M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required


Heavy Mobile Equipment as of March 1, 2020:
HME TypeModelQuantityStatus
Drill ....................... Subscription required 3 Existing
Drill ....................... Subscription required 4 Existing
Drill ....................... Subscription required 7 Existing
Drill ....................... Subscription required 5 Existing
Excavator ....................... Subscription required 2 Existing
Excavator ....................... Subscription required 1 Existing
Excavator ....................... Subscription required 2 Existing
Loader ....................... Subscription required 2 Existing
Loader ....................... Subscription required 1 Existing
Shovel ....................... Subscription required 3 Existing
Shovel ....................... Subscription required 2 Existing
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 1 Proposed
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required 6 Proposed
Truck (haul) ....................... Subscription required 8 Existing
Truck (haul) ....................... Subscription required 17 Existing
Truck (haul) ....................... Subscription required 15 Existing
Truck (haul) ....................... Subscription required 10 Existing
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required May 27, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required May 27, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required May 27, 2020
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Staff:

Total WorkforceYear
Subscription required 2017

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
Annual Report 2017
Annual Report 2016
Management Discussion & Analysis 2016
Technical Report 2015
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Aerial view:

Subscription required - Subscription is required.

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