The Springvale holding contains seams of the Late Permian Illawarra Coal Measures, of the Cullen Bullen Subgroup. The main structures influencing strata behaviour at Springvale are large displacement strike slip faults and small displacement normal and reverse faults. Palaris (2013) established that there were four types of geological structures within the Springvale holding. Type 1 and Type 2 structure zones are interpreted to be structures that penetrate from the basement strata, through the coal measure strata, to the surface. It is therefore likely that these structures will affect the mine subsidence movements resulting from the secondary extraction of longwalls at Springvale. Type 3 structure zones are noted to occur only to Lithgow Seam level and Type 4 structure zones occur within the basement. It is therefore unlikely that Type 3 and Type 4 structures will have any significant effect upon mine subsidence movements resulting from secondary extraction of longwalls during the MOP term. The Lithgow Seam is a medium-high volatile bituminous coal (30 % VM dry ash-free) of medium rank (0.78 - 0.95 vitrinite reflectance) containing medium ash and low vitrinite content. It is highly suitable for domestic power generation without washing. Specific energy averages 34 MJ/kg dry ash-free, ash fusion (hemispherical) is above 1,400 degrees and the coal is hard with an average Hardgrove Grindability Index of 44. Sulphur, phosphorous and chlorine are low, averaging 0.55 %, 0.028 % ........

Springvale Mine is an existing underground coal mine producing high quality thermal coal which is supplied to both domestic and international markets. It is located 15 kilometres to the northwest of the regional city of Lithgow and 120 kilometres west-northwest of Sydney in New South Wales (NSW). The main components of Springvale Mine’s operations are an underground longwall mine, accessed via the Springvale pit top, and supporting surface infrastructure within the pit top area and on Newnes Plateau within the Newnes State Forest. The Newnes Plateau infrastructure areas are accessed by light vehicles via State Mine Gully Road located in north Lithgow, and Old Bells Line of Road though Clarence for light and heavy vehicles Newnes Plateau and Pit Top disturbance Areas. Springvale utilises the longwall extraction method of mining. The mining method is supported by roadway development, mined using continuous miner units. Development activities, using continuous miners, entail the extraction of coal and installation of strata support to produce underground roadways which enable access to future longwall extraction areas. During the MOP term, Springvale will develop and extract longwalls in the existing northern and southern lease areas, comprising Longwalls 421 – 422 (east of the existing workings) and Longwalls 424 – 432 (southeast of the existing workings) and Longwalls 501 to 503 (southwest of the existing workings). Due to current geology and geotechnical constraints a ........

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