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United States
Clayton Valley Project

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 Location:
30 km NW from Goldfield, Nevada, United States

  Project Contacts:
1111 West Georgia Street, Suite 1400
Vancouver
British Columbia, Canada
V6E 3M3
Phone  ...  Subscription required
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StagePermitting
Mine TypeIn-Situ
Commodities
  • Lithium
Mining Method
  • Solution mining
Processing
  • Solvent Extraction
  • Electrolysis
  • Mechanical evaporation
Mine Life8 years (as of Jan 1, 2017)
Latest NewsPure Energy Minerals Provides Update on the Clayton Valley Project     November 26, 2019


Owners

 
CompanyInterestOwnership
Pure Energy Minerals Ltd. 100 % Direct

Deposit Type

  • Brine


Summary:

Clayton Valley is located within the Basin and Range Province in southern Nevada. It is a closed basin that is fault-bounded on the north by the Weepah Hills, the east by Clayton Ridge, the south by the Palmetto Mountains and the west by the Silver Peak Range and Mineral Ridge.

The basin is bounded to the east by a steep normal fault system toward which basin strata thicken. The north and east parts of Clayton Valley are flanked with Miocene to Pliocene sediments containing multiple primary and reworked volcanic ash deposits within finegrained clay and silt units. These deposits are a part of the Esmeralda Formation. The Esmeralda Formation is a sedimentary sequence grading from coal bearing siltstones, sandstones and conglomerates at the base to fine-grained, tuffaceous lacustrine sediments at the top of the section.

The deposit type for the Project is a continental, mineral-enriched brine aquifer within a hydrographically closed basin (endorheic basin). The principal mineral resource is lithium and is a dissolved product in a predominately sodium chloride brine. The brine is hyper-saline groundwater that saturates the pore spaces and fracture-apertures of basin-fill deposits (brine aquifer) that have accumulated over time in the basin. Dissolved minerals in the brine, such as lithium, originate from multiple processes of mineral dissolution and precipitation, remobilization, geothermal circulation, and evaporation occurring in the basin aquifer.


Mining Methods

  • Solution mining


Summary:

Wells installed at the Project would include extraction wells producing brine for the process facility and monitoring wells for collecting physical and chemical data to assess aquifer conditions during the life of mine. Several possible well designs, including varying well depths and production intervals (screened intervals of well casing) are expected to be planned for the extraction wells to allow for
operational flexibility. Boreholes for extraction wells would be drilled using reverse circulation or casing advance drilling methods in order to allow for hydraulically efficient wells. Borehole diameters would be sufficient to allow for installation of casing that will accommodate the submersible pumps. The cased portions of the boreholes are planned as 8-inch nominal diameter. The casing annulus would be grouted above the screened area of the well casing to prevent the potential leakage of dilute brine.

Construction and operation of extraction wells would be phased during initial years of mining. Throughout the life of mine, as existing extraction wells lose efficiency, replacement wells are planned and would be funded by sustaining capital.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Solvent Extraction
  • Electrolysis
  • Mechanical evaporation

Source: Subscription required

Summary:

The selection of lithium hydroxide monohydrate as the product is driven by the requirements of potential customers, such as Tesla, for use in the production of lithium ion batteries.

The Tenova circuit design is such that the input brines can be converted to lithium hydroxide monohydrate product without having to produce lithium carbonate as an intermediate step.

The proposed Tenova Process would use unit operations related to technologies already in use in industrial practice. The Tenova circuit design is such that lithium in the input brines can be converted to LiOH·H2O without having to produce lithium carbonate as an intermediate step. The application of these unit operations in this sequence and for the recovery of lithium are what would make the Clayton Valley Project the first of its kind.

The overall process would consist of the following seven steps:
1. Brine Reception
2. Pre-Treatment - LiP™ process
3. pH Elevation and Polishin ........


Projected Production:

CommodityUnitsAvg. Annual
LiOH-H2O t 11,500

Operational Metrics:

Metrics
Plant annual capacity  ......  Subscription required
Plant annual capacity  ......  Subscription required
* According to 2017 study.

Reserves at January 1, 2000:

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Inferred 331,500,000 cu. m Lithium 123 mg/L 40.9 kt
Inferred 331,500,000 cu. m LiOH-H2O 247.3 kt
Inferred 331,500,000 cu. m LCE 217.7 kt

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnitsAverage
Cash costs LiOH-H2O USD 3,217 / t *
Cash costs Li2CO3 USD 3,652 / t *
Assumed price LiOH-H2O USD 12,267 / t *
* According to 2017 study / presentation.

2017 Study Costs and Valuation Metrics :

MetricsUnitsLOM Total
Initial CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Sustaining CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Total Taxes $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Net revenue (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
EBITDA (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax NPV @ 5% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax NPV @ 10% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax NPV @ 8% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax NPV @ 5% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax NPV @ 10% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
After-tax NPV @ 8% $M USD  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax IRR, %  ......  Subscription required
After-tax IRR, %  ......  Subscription required
Pre-tax payback period, years  ......  Subscription required
After-tax payback period, years  ......  Subscription required
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Heavy Mobile Equipment:

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Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Preliminary Economic Assessment 2017
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News:

NewsDate
Pure Energy Minerals Provides Update on the Clayton Valley Project November 26, 2019
Pure Energy Minerals Limited Announces Approval of the Earn-In for the Clayton Valley Lithium Project and Closing of the Private Placement May 30, 2019
Pure Energy Minerals Receives Water Right for Clayton Valley Lithium Project Pilot Plant January 2, 2019

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