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Location: 15 km NE from Horsham, Victoria, Australia
83 Firebrace StreetHorshamVictoria, Australia3400
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The Avonbank Project area lies within the Parilla Sands geological unit. There are two dominant soil types associated with the area: sodosols (soils with strong texture contrast between A and B horizons) and vertosols (clay soils with shrink-swell properties exhibiting strong cracking when dry).The materials below the A and B horizons that sit above the ore are commonly referred to as overburden. There are two main types of overburden: upper clayey overburden (Shepparton Formation) and lower non-mineralised (barren) fine sand or clayey sand (Loxton Parilla Sands Formation). The mineralised parts of the Loxton Parilla Sands Formation represent the ore body targeted by mining.A summary of the extent and nature of the ore body characteristics:• The extent of the Global Mineral Resource is 8.25 km north–south by 5.7 km east–west.• The thickness of the ore ranges from approximately 8 m to 15 m.• The ore is hosted within the Parilla Sands Unit (the geological host unit for the Avonbank deposit).Parilla Sands typically comprise a fine-grained silty sand, with approximately 5% of oversize (+1 mm) material.Geera Clay lies beneath the Loxton Parilla Sands. Geera Clay is considered a Potential Acid Sulfate Soil (PASS) risk and will not be disturbed during mining.The Wimmera Southern Mallee (WSM) region is divided into three main geomorphological units:• Western Uplands, which extend westwards from the Kilmore Gap to the Glenelg River.• Northern Riverine Plains, an extensive and predominantly alluvial landscape lying to the north of the Western Uplands.• North Western Dunefield and Plains, which in areas to the north of the Wimmera Highway, consists of clay plains with subdued ridges. The retention licence is located on the North Western Dunefield and Plains landscape, which is characterised by a very low elevation variation and comprises clay plains with subdued ridges.During the Tertiary period, a series of marine transgressions occupied much of the lower Murray Basin. Over time, a thick layer of marine sediments (the Renmark Group and the Geera Clay) accumulated over the pre-Tertiary basement rock.As the sea levels receded, a series of north-south trending strandline sand ridges were deposited. The stranded ridges and intervening swales or troughs were then lateralised. These ridges and associated troughs continue to influence catchment behaviour and local watercourses, including the Wimmera River and Yarriambiack Creek, which are approximately aligned with the troughs. Alluvial and aeolian deposition occurred during the Pleistocene (around 12,000 years ago). The predominantly clayey sediments of the extensive alluvial Shepparton Formation accumulated between the stranded ridges.During the mid to late Pleistocene, a series of arid phases led to the development of dune fields, the Parilla Sand and lacustrine deposits in swales between the stranded ridges. The Avonbank resource lies within the Parrilla Sand geological unit.
