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Mexico
San Rafael Mine (Cosala Operation)

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 Location:
9 km NE from Cosala, Sinaloa, Mexico

  Address:
Belisario Domínguez No. 29 a Cosalá cruzar las comunidades de la Estancia y los Braceros.
Cosalá
Sinaloa, Mexico
80700
Phone  ...  Subscription required
Fax01(696)-965-0956
EmailEmail
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Fleet
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Silver
  • Zinc
  • Lead
  • Gold
Mining Method
  • Post Pillar Cut & Fill
  • Dry waste backfill
Production Start...
Mine Life5 years (as of Jan 1, 2021)
The Cosalá Operations consists of the San Rafael mine, the Los Braceros processing plant and tailings storage facility, the EC120 Project, and the past producing Nuestra Señora mine.

In February 2020, the Company announced an illegal blockade was put in place at the Cosalá Operations by a group of individuals including a small minority of the Company’s hourly workforce. As a result, the Cosalá Operations was put on care and maintenance. On July 6, 2021, the Company signed an agreement with the Mexican Ministries of Economy, Interior and Labour along with union representatives committing to a reopening of the Cosalá Operations.


Owners

Source: p. 34
CompanyInterestOwnership
Americas Gold and Silver Corp. 100 % Indirect
The Cosalá Operations is 100% owned and operated by Americas’ wholly-owned subsidiaries, Platte River Gold Inc., Minera Platter River Gold S.A. de R.L. de C.V. and Minera Cosalá S.A. de C.V.

Contractors

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Deposit Type

  • Skarn
  • VMS


Summary:

Three principal zones of sulfide mineralization have been identified within a broad area of skarn alteration in the vicinity of San Rafael and nearby El Cajón. The San Rafael Main Zone consists of masses of sulfide grains that occur as replacements at an unconformable contact between what is believed to be Tertiary dacite tuff and Cretaceous limestone. Although it can be difficult to determine the host rock when total sulfide content is 90 to 100%, most of the massive sulfide replacement mineralization appears to be hosted in the dacite tuff. It contains silver, lead, and zinc mineralization with lessor gold and copper. The main minerals are pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, and galena with minor marcasite, chalcopyrite, and magnetite. This mineralization in the San Rafael Main Zone is often associated with quartz-sericite-pyrite alteration that has been interpreted as more distal skarn alteration. It has also been suggested that the San Rafael Main Zone displays many similarities to volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposits, such as those found in the Guerrero Terrane in central Mexico.

Mineralization within the Main Zone at San Rafael is primarily massive, sulfide-replacement material, which can contain greater than 90% sulfides, dominantly pyrite and pyrrhotite. The sulfide body is discrete, tabular, and lies along the shallow-dipping dacite tuff-limestone contact where it has been referred to as “massive-sulfide mineralization” in previous reports. The zinc, lead, ........


Mining Methods

  • Post Pillar Cut & Fill
  • Dry waste backfill


Summary:

Construction started at San Rafael in September 2016 and achieved commercial production in December 2017. The Mineral Reserves support a mine life of five years. The underground mine is accessed by a decline that portals at surface near the southern portion of the deposit where the surface infrastructure is located. A series of ramp systems from the main decline provides access to the various stoping areas of the mine.

The main decline has reached the bottom of the defined Mineral Reserves in the Main Zone and ramp development to access the Upper Zone has commenced. Due to the depth, shallow-dipping angle and variable thickness of the mineralization, the mining method used at San Rafael is post-pillar cut and fill. Stopes are accessed from a primary stope access driven at a -15% decline. After mining of each successive 5m high cut of ore, the stope is backfilled and the access “backslashed” to allow for mining of the next cut. This sequence is repeated up to five times until the stope access reaches an incline of +15%. Access to the next cut is then provided by a -15% stope access driven from a higher elevation. The LOM plan anticipates that the cut and fill stopes will be backfilled with unconsolidated development waste and waste generated from a waste quarry. Given the use of unconsolidated backfill, the mining sequence is typically from the bottom up.

Primary mine ventilation is provided via two vertical bored raises and the main decline. A main exhau ........


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

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Summary:

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Production:
The Cosalá Operations was put on care and maintenance in February 2020. The Company commenced reopening the operation in September 2021.

CommodityUnits2021202020192018
Silver koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required448
Zinc M lbs  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Lead M lbs  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Silver Equivalent oz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Gold Equivalent oz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
All production numbers are expressed as metal in concentrate.
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Operational Metrics:

Metrics2021202020192018
Tonnes milled  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required613,814 t544,472 t
Daily milling rate  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,750 t1,700 t
Daily milling capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,800 t
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at June 30, 2021:
Mineral Reserves are estimated at a net smelter return ("NSR") cut-off value of US$50/tonne at San Rafael;

Mineral Resources are estimated at a NSR cut-off value of US$34/tonne at San Rafael.

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven 845 kt Silver 152 g/t 4,115 koz
Proven 845 kt Zinc 3.21 % 59.8 M lbs
Proven 845 kt Lead 1.4 % 26.1 M lbs
Probable 1,113 kt Silver 109 g/t 3,918 koz
Probable 1,113 kt Zinc 3.26 % 80.1 M lbs
Probable 1,113 kt Lead 1.21 % 29.8 M lbs
Proven & Probable 1,958 kt Silver 128 g/t 8,033 koz
Proven & Probable 1,958 kt Zinc 3.24 % 139.9 M lbs
Proven & Probable 1,958 kt Lead 1.3 % 55.9 M lbs
Measured 1,317 kt Silver 100 g/t 4,218 koz
Measured 1,317 kt Zinc 2.37 % 68.9 M lbs
Measured 1,317 kt Lead 1 % 29.1 M lbs
Indicated 1,909 kt Silver 78 g/t 4,762 koz
Indicated 1,909 kt Zinc 2.17 % 91.2 M lbs
Indicated 1,909 kt Lead 0.97 % 40.7 M lbs
Measured & Indicated 3,226 kt Silver 87 g/t 8,980 koz
Measured & Indicated 3,226 kt Zinc 2.25 % 160.1 M lbs
Measured & Indicated 3,226 kt Lead 0.98 % 69.8 M lbs
Inferred 348 kt Silver 149 g/t 1,664 koz
Inferred 348 kt Zinc 0.38 % 2.9 M lbs
Inferred 348 kt Lead 2.47 % 18.9 M lbs

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits2021202020192018
Total cash costs Silver USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† -37.95 / oz†  
All-in costs Silver USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† -19.66 / oz†  
† Net of By-Product.
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Heavy Mobile Equipment as of April 3, 2019:
HME TypeModelSizeQuantity
Backhoe ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Bolter ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Bolter ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Dozer (crawler) ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Drill jumbo (two boom) ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Drill jumbo (two boom) ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Drill jumbo (two boom) ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Excavator ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required 6 cu. yd ....................... Subscription required
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required 6 cu. yd ....................... Subscription required
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required 6.5 cu. yd ....................... Subscription required
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required 9 cu. yd ....................... Subscription required
Shotcreter ....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required
Trans Mixer 3.5 cu. m ....................... Subscription required
Truck (underground) ....................... Subscription required 15 t ....................... Subscription required
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Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Apr 3, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Apr 3, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Apr 3, 2022
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Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
Annual Information Form 2018
Management Discussion & Analysis 2018
Press Release 2017
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2017
Pre-Feasibility Study Report 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2015
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