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South Africa
Kroondal Mine

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 Location:
10 km SE from Rustenburg, South Africa

  Address:
Waterfall Road, Kroondal
Rustenburg
South Africa
2999
Phone  ...  Subscription required
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • PGM
  • Gold
  • Platinum
  • Palladium
  • Rhodium
  • Nickel
  • Copper
  • Iridium
  • Ruthenium
Mining Method
  • Bord-and-pillar
Processing
  • Flotation
  • Dense media separation
Mine Life2030
The Siphumelele 3 shaft is part of the Kroondal Extension area, an area situated down-dip of the original PSA agreement area. Amplats has 100% ownership of the operation but, it is mined on a royalty basis by Sibanye-Stillwater.


Owners & OPERATOR

Source: p. 72
CompanyInterestOwnership
Anglo American plc. 50 % Indirect
Sibanye-Stillwater Ltd. (operator) 50 % Indirect
The Kroondal mine is a 50/50 JV with Anglo American Platinum and is subject to a PSA, whereby the Sibanye-Stillwater infrastructure is utilised to access Mineral Resources on the Anglo American Platinum held MR. The JV is managed by Sibanye-Stillwater.

Deposit Type

  • Magmatic


Summary:

Amplats’ Mineral Resources of Platinum Group Metals (PGM) occur exclusively within southern Africa and are hosted by two distinct layered intrusions: the Bushveld Complex in South Africa and the Great Dyke in Zimbabwe.

Formed over 2 billion years ago from multiple injections of magma into the earth’s crust many kilometres below the surface, the Bushveld Complex is geologically unique due to its size, uniformity of its layering and extent of known mineral content. This saucer-shaped intrusion is over 350km wide, 250km long and up to 12km thick. Over time, the rim of the intrusion has been exposed by erosion, revealing three separate main segments known as the Western, Eastern and Northern Limbs. The Western Limb is split into two lobes (north-western and south- western) by the Pilanesberg complex, a remnant of an alkaline volcanic plug intruded into the Bushveld Complex about 1,250 million years ago. The Eastern Limb is split into two lobes (north-eastern and south-eastern) by the north- east trending Steelpoort fault. The exposed segments exhibit layering of pyroxenites, norites, gabbros, anorthosites and chromitites and this layering occurs across the entire extent of the complex. Within the layers, mineralisation is found in specific horizons containing chromium, iron, titanium, vanadium, nickel, copper and PGM.

The Bushveld Complex comprises three main suites, namely the Rooiberg Group, Lebowa Granite Suite and Rustenburg Layered Suite. The Rustenburg Layered Suite comprises four major subdivisions: the Upper Zone, Main Zone, Critical Zone and Lower Zone. Economic concentrations of PGMs occur mainly in three distinct units within the Critical Zone: Merensky Reef; Upper Group 2 (UG2) chromitite; and Platreef. The Merensky Reef and UG2 Reef occur around the Eastern and Western Limbs of the complex, while the Platreef is found only along the eastern edge of the Northern Limb.

The UG2 Reef, which is consistently developed throughout the EL and WL, is rich in chromitite, but with lower gold and base metal content compared to Merensky Reef. In the WL, the UG2 Reef occurs between 12m and 150m vertically below the Merensky Reef and dips at 18º to 27º in a south-easterly direction. In the EL, the reef occurs between 120m and 400m vertically below the Merensky Reef and dips at 8º to 18º in a south-westerly direction.

UG2 Reef is exploited at Kroondal operations, which consists of two chromite rich horizons hosting PGM minerals, separated by a pyroxenite, parting forming the mineable horizon. The reef dips at ~9º towards the northeast. The two chromitite horizons, termed the UG2 leader seam and the UG2 main seam, are about 20cm and 70cm thick respectively, and the pyroxenite parting has a variable thickness of up to 4m, but is typically <1.5m. The mining cut typically includes both the seams, and the minimum mining width is 200cm and the maximum is 270cm, which includes the internal pyroxenite. The orebody is tabular, laterally continuous with relatively long-range grade consistency and predictability. Reef disruptions in the form of potholing, faulting, IRUP and dykes occur throughout the orebody, resulting in an average geological loss of ~15%, except for Bambanani Shaft which is about 30%.
[2019 Sibanye-Stillwater Mineral Resources and Mineral Reserves Report, P.72]


Mining Methods

  • Bord-and-pillar


Summary:

Kroondal consists of established shallow, mechanised PGM operations in the Western Limb of the BIC.

The UG2 Reef is exploited and the deposit is accessed from surface using decline systems and mined via bord and pillar method. Mining takes place at depths between 250m and 550m below surface.

Kroondal is a large, established operation with all the necessary surface infrastructure to support mining operations. Apart from the five operating shafts, Kwezi, K6, Kopaneng, Simunye and Bambanani, it hosts five shafts under care and maintenance.

Mining method - Bord and pillar.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Flotation
  • Dense media separation

Source: Subscription required

Summary:

Froth flotation is the primary mineral processing separation step employed in the beneficiation of PGM ore bodies. Anglo Platinum operates a significant portion of the total installed flotation capacity in the PGM industry, which is installed at 20 operating plants across the Bushveld.

Anglo Platinum has 20 operating concentrators sited around the Eastern, Northern and Western limbs of the Bushveld complex. The concentrators treat mainly Merensky and UG-2 ores, with Potgietersrust (PPL, Sandsloot) and PPRust North being the only two plants designed to treat the Platreef ore.

For typical UG2 ores, for example, the finer natural PGM grain size in the in situ ore and the relative performance of PGM flotation plants indicate that the ‘watershed’ size where flotation drops off significantly must be relatively fine. This is indicated in, where data collected from a UG2 concentrator illustrate the relative recovery by size fraction in the mainstream roughers and scaven ........

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter201920182017
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) Head Grade, g/t 2.462.482.42
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Production:

CommodityUnits20192018201720162015
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required482
PGM koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Gold koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Platinum koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Palladium koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Rhodium koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Nickel kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Copper kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Iridium koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Ruthenium koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
All production numbers are expressed as metal in concentrate.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics201920182017201620152014
Total tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required7,192 kt7,138 kt7,292 kt
Tonnes milled  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required4,782 kt4,688 kt4,830 kt
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at December 31, 2019:

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven 29.2 Mt 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) 2.6 g/t 2.402 M oz
Proven 29.2 Mt 6E (Pt,Pd,Rh,Au,Ir,Ru) 3.1 g/t 2.932 M oz
Measured 68.4 Mt 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) 3.2 g/t 7.022 M oz
Measured 68.4 Mt 6E (Pt,Pd,Rh,Au,Ir,Ru) 3.9 g/t 8.56 M oz
Indicated 10 Mt 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) 3.7 g/t 1.208 M oz
Indicated 10 Mt 6E (Pt,Pd,Rh,Au,Ir,Ru) 4.6 g/t 1.47 M oz
Inferred 5 Mt 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) 3 g/t 0.468 M oz
Inferred 5 Mt 6E (Pt,Pd,Rh,Au,Ir,Ru) 3.7 g/t 0.584 M oz
Total Resource 83.4 Mt 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) 3.2 g/t 8.698 M oz
Total Resource 83.4 Mt 6E (Pt,Pd,Rh,Au,Ir,Ru) 4 g/t 10.614 M oz

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits201920182017201620152014
Cash costs PGM USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 675 / oz 559 / oz 630 / oz
Cash costs Platinum USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 1,419 / oz 1,176 / oz 1,321 / oz 1,565 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† 765 / oz†
All-in sustaining costs (sold) Platinum USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† 819 / oz† 806 / oz† 807 / oz† 1,090 / oz†
All-in costs 4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au) USD  ......  Subscription required†  ......  Subscription required† 765 / oz†
† Net of By-Product.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operating Costs:

Units201920182017201620152014
Total operating costs ($/t milled) ZAR 1,065979977928883836

Financials:

Units201920182017
Capital expenditures M ZAR  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Revenue M ZAR  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
EBITDA M ZAR  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required


Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jul 31, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jul 31, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jul 31, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Jul 31, 2020
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Staff:

EmployeesContractorsTotal WorkforceYear
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2019
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2018
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2017
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2016
Subscription required Subscription required Subscription required 2015

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
................................... Subscription required 2018
Annual Report 2017
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2017
Annual Report 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2016
Annual Report 2015
Annual Report 2015
Annual Report 2015
Annual Review 2015
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2015
Other 2014
Other 2007
Other 2000
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Aerial view:

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