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Canada
Casino Project

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 Location:
115 km W from Pelly Crossing, Yukon, Canada

  Project Contacts:
15th Floor, 1040 West Georgia Street
Vancouver
British Columbia, Canada
V6E 4H1
Phone1-888-966-9995
Fax1-604-669-2926
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Fleet
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StagePermitting
Mine TypeOpen Pit
Commodities
  • Copper
  • Gold
  • Molybdenum
  • Silver
Mining Method
  • Truck & Shovel / Loader
Processing
  • Flotation
  • Heap leach
  • Carbon in column (CIC)
  • Carbon adsorption-desorption-recovery (ADR)
  • SART
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)
Mine Life22 years (as of Jan 1, 2013)
The Casino Project is located in Yukon, Canada and hosts one of the largest undeveloped copper-gold deposits in Canada.
Latest NewsWestern Copper and Gold Files Final Base Shelf Prospectus, Registration Statement and Technical Report     November 3, 2020


Owners

 
CompanyInterestOwnership
Casino Mining Corp. 100 % Direct
Western Copper and Gold Corp. 100 % Indirect

Deposit Type

  • Porphyry
  • Breccia pipe / Stockwork

Source: Source p.20, 56

Summary:

The geology of the Casino deposit is typical of many porphyry copper deposits. The deposit is centered on an Upper Cretaceous-age, east-west elongated tonalite porphyry stock that intrudes Mesozoic granitoids of the Dawson Range Batholith and Paleozoic schists and gneisses of the Yukon Crystalline Complex. Intrusion of the tonalite stock into the older rocks caused brecciation of both the intrusive and the surrounding country rocks along the northern, southern and eastern contact of the stock. Brecciation is best developed in the eastern end of the stock where the breccia can be up to 400 metres wide in plan view. To the west, along the north and south contact, the breccias narrow gradually to less than 100 metres. Little drilling has been done at the western end of the tonalite stock and it is not known if the breccia is present along this contact. Intruded into the tonalite stock and surrounding granitods and metamorphic rocks are younger, non-mineralized dykes of similar composition to the older tonalite stock and a late diatreme, which forms both pipe-like body in the west and a dyke-like body in the east. The overall dimensions of the intrusive complex are approximately 1.8 by 1.0 kilometres.

Primary copper, gold and molybdenum mineralization was deposited from hydrothermal fluids that exploited the contact breccias and fractured wall rocks. Better grades occur in the breccias and gradually decrease outwards away from the contact zone both towards the centre of the stock and outward into the granitoids and schists. The main mineralization types are:

• Leached Cap Mineralization (CAP) – This oxide gold zone is gold-enriched and copper-depleted due to supergene alteration processes as well as the lower specific gravity of this zone relative to the other supergene zones. Weathering has replaced most minerals with clay. The weathering is most intense at the surface and decreases with depth.
• Supergene Oxide Mineralization (SOX) – This zone is copper-enriched, with trace molybdenite. It generally occurs as a thin layer above the Supergene Sulphide zone. Where present, the supergene oxide zone averages 10 metres thick, and can contain chalcanthite, malachite and brocanthite, with minor azurite, tenorite, cuprite and neotocite.
• Supergene Sulphide Mineralization (SUS) – supergene copper mineralization occurs in an up to 200 metre-deep weathered zone below the leached cap and above the hypogene. It has an average thickness of 60 metres. Grades of the Supergene sulphide zone vary widely, but are highest in fractured and highly pyritic zones, due to their ability to promote leaching and chalcocite precipitation. The copper grades in the Supergene Sulphide zone are almost double the copper grades in the Hypogene (0.43% Cu versus 0.23% Cu).
• Hypogene Mineralization – Hypogene mineralization occurs throughout the various alteration zones of the Casino Porphyry deposit, as mineralized stock-work veins and breccias. Significant Cu-Mo mineralization is related to the potassically-altered breccia surrounding the core Patton Porphyry, as well as in the adjacent phyllically-altered host rocks of the Dawson Range Batholith. The pyrite halo in this mineralization is host to the highest Cu values on the property.

Native gold can occur as free grains in quartz (50 to 70 microns) and as inclusions in pyrite and/or chalcopyrite grains (1 to 15 microns). High grade smoky quartz veins with numerous specks of visible gold are also reported to exist.


Mining Methods

  • Truck & Shovel / Loader

Source: p.126

Summary:

Casino is proposing a conventional open-pit, truck and shovel operation.

Five mining phases were also developed for the study. The phase designs include haul roads and adequate working room for large mining equipment. The roads are 36m wide at a maximum grade of 10%. The width will accommodate trucks up to the 360 tonne class, such as the Caterpillar 797F truck.


Crushing and Grinding
Source: Source p.140-153


Processing

  • Flotation
  • Heap leach
  • Carbon in column (CIC)
  • Carbon adsorption-desorption-recovery (ADR)
  • SART
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Source: Source p.140-153

Summary:

The Casino process plant will consist of two processing facilities, one for sulphide ore and one for oxide ore.

The sulphide ore processing facility will produce mineral concentrates of copper and molybdenum using conventional flotation technology. The copper concentrate will be dewatered and transported as a filtered cake by highway trucks. The molybdenum concentrate will be dewatered and packaged in super sacks for transport. Gold and silver contained in the sulphide ore will be recovered as a fraction of the copper concentrate.

The oxide ore processing facility will produce gold and silver Doré bars via heap leach and carbon adsorption technology. Copper contained in the oxide ore will be recovered as a copper sulphide precipitate using SART technology.

SULPHIDE ORE PROCESS PLANT DESCRIPTION
The following items summarize the process operations required to extract copper and molybdenum from the sulphide ore:

• Size reduction of the run-of-mine (ROM) to minus 200 mm.
• Stockpiling primary crushed ore and then reclaiming with feeders and a belt conveyor.
• Size reduction of the ore in a semi-autogenous (SAG) mill - ball mill grinding circuit with pebble crushing.
• Concentration and separation of the copper and molybdenum sulphide minerals by froth flotation to produce a bulk (copper/molybdenum) concentrate.
• Separation of the bulk concentrate into separate copper and molybdenum concentrates.
• Final copper concentrate will be thickened, filtered, and loaded in highway haul trucks for shipment.
• Final molybdenum concentrate will be filtered, dried, and packaged in bags for shipment.
• Concentration of the bulk flotation tailing in a pyrite flotation circuit. Pyrite flotation circuit tailing will have a low sulphide sulfur concentration.
• Subaqueous deposition of the pyrite concentrate in the tailing storage facility.
• Flotation tailing will be thickened and transported by a gravity pipeline to a tailing impoundment area. The tailing will be cycloned with underflow recovered as sand for tailing dam construction and overflow reporting to the tailing disposal impoundment site.
• Storing, preparing, and distributing reagents used in the sulphide ore process.
• Water from tailing and concentrate dewatering will be recycled for reuse in the process.
Plant water stream types include: process water, fresh water, potable water, and fire water.

OXIDE ORE PROCESS PLANT DESCRIPTION
The following items summarize the process operations required to extract gold from the oxide gold ore:

• Size reduction of the run-of-mine (ROM) ore to minus 200 mm using a primary gyratory crusher.
• Size reduction of the primary crushed ore to minus 50 mm through screening and a secondary cone crusher.
• Stacking crushed ore by overland conveyors and a stacker onto a heap leach pad and, subsequently, leaching the ore with cyanide solution.
• Recovering gold and silver from the pregnant leach solution on activated carbon in carbon in column tanks (CIC).
• Recovering copper from the pregnant leach solution by the Sulphidization, Acidification, Recycling and Thickening (SART) process.
• Treating gold and silver loaded carbon recovered from the CIC circuit by acid washing, cold stripping with cyanide solution to remove copper, hot stripping with caustic solution to remove gold, and thermal reactivation of the carbon.
• Recovering gold from the pregnant carbon stripping solution as cathode sludge on stainless steel mesh cathodes in an electrowinning cell.
• Melting the cathode sludge with fluxes to produce a gold-silver Doré bar, the final product of the ore processing facility.
• Storing, preparing, and distributing reagents to be used in the process.

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameterAvg. LOM
Copper Recovery Rate, % 86.4
Copper Head Grade, % 0.2
Copper Concentrate Grade, % 28
Gold Recovery Rate, % 66
Gold Head Grade, g/t 0.29
Molybdenum Recovery Rate, % 70.7
Molybdenum Head Grade, % 0.023
Molybdenum Concentrate Grade, % 56
Silver Recovery Rate, % 26
Silver Head Grade, g/t 2.2

Projected Production:

CommodityProductUnitsAvg. AnnualLOM
Copper Concentrate kt 2756,060
Copper Metal M lbs 1.322
Copper Metal in concentrate M lbs 1713,610
Gold Metal in doré koz 54955
Gold Metal in concentrate koz 2604,870
Molybdenum Concentrate kt 13277
Molybdenum Metal in concentrate M lbs 16291
Silver Metal in doré koz 1622,849
Silver Metal in concentrate koz 1,42527,351

Operational Metrics:

Metrics
Stripping / waste ratio 0.58 *
Waste tonnes, LOM 657,867 kt *
Total tonnes mined, LOM 1,780,527 kt *
Tonnes milled, LOM 965,207 kt *
Plant annual capacity 45,400 kt of ore *
Daily processing capacity 124,000 t of ore *
* According to 2013 study.

Reserves at December 31, 2013:

CategoryOreTypeTonnage CommodityGrade
Measured Heap leach 31 Mt Copper 0.05 %
Measured Mill / Sulphide 93 Mt Copper 0.34 %
Measured Heap leach 31 Mt Gold 0.52 g/t
Measured Mill / Sulphide 93 Mt Gold 0.43 g/t
Measured Heap leach 31 Mt Molybdenum 0.025 %
Measured Mill / Sulphide 93 Mt Molybdenum 0.027 %
Measured Heap leach 31 Mt Silver 2.94 g/t
Measured Mill / Sulphide 93 Mt Silver 2.21 g/t
Measured Mill / Sulphide 93 Mt Copper Equivalent 0.78 %
Indicated Heap leach 53 Mt Copper 0.03 %
Indicated Mill / Sulphide 963.6 Mt Copper 0.19 %
Indicated Heap leach 53 Mt Gold 0.33 g/t
Indicated Mill / Sulphide 963.6 Mt Gold 0.21 g/t
Indicated Heap leach 53 Mt Molybdenum 0.017 %
Indicated Mill / Sulphide 963.6 Mt Molybdenum 0.022 %
Indicated Heap leach 53 Mt Silver 2.36 g/t
Indicated Mill / Sulphide 963.6 Mt Silver 1.66 g/t
Indicated Mill / Sulphide 963.6 Mt Copper Equivalent 0.46 %
Measured & Indicated Heap leach 84 Mt Copper 0.04 %
Measured & Indicated Mill / Sulphide 1,057 Mt Copper 0.2 %
Measured & Indicated Heap leach 84 Mt Gold 0.4 g/t
Measured & Indicated Mill / Sulphide 1,057 Mt Gold 0.23 g/t
Measured & Indicated Heap leach 84 Mt Molybdenum 0.02 %
Measured & Indicated Mill / Sulphide 1,057 Mt Molybdenum 0.022 %
Measured & Indicated Heap leach 84 Mt Silver 2.57 g/t
Measured & Indicated Mill / Sulphide 1,057 Mt Silver 1.71 g/t
Measured & Indicated Mill / Sulphide 1,057 Mt Copper Equivalent 0.49 %
Inferred Heap leach 17 Mt Copper 0.01 %
Inferred Mill / Sulphide 1,696 Mt Copper 0.14 %
Inferred Heap leach 17 Mt Gold 0.31 g/t
Inferred Mill / Sulphide 1,696 Mt Gold 0.16 g/t
Inferred Heap leach 17 Mt Molybdenum 0.008 %
Inferred Mill / Sulphide 1,696 Mt Molybdenum 0.019 %
Inferred Heap leach 17 Mt Silver 1.93 g/t
Inferred Mill / Sulphide 1,696 Mt Silver 1.37 g/t
Inferred Mill / Sulphide 1,696 Mt Copper Equivalent 0.37 %

Operating Costs:

Units2013
OP mining costs ($/t mined) USD 1.51 *
OP mining costs ($/t milled) USD 3.05 *
* According to 2013 study.

Financials:

Units20162015
Capital expenditures M CAD 2,333   3,844  

2013 Study Costs and Valuation Metrics :

MetricsUnitsLOM Total
Initial CapEx $M CAD 2,456
Sustaining CapEx $M CAD 361.7
Total CapEx $M CAD 2,818
OP OpEx $M CAD 2,948
Refining costs $M CAD 347.6
G&A costs $M CAD 327.2
Total OpEx $M CAD 10,725
Income Taxes $M CAD 2,878
Royalty payments $M CAD 604.6
Gross revenue (LOM) $M CAD 25,131
Net Income (LOM) $M CAD 6,651
Pre-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M CAD 9,529
After-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M CAD 6,651
Pre-tax NPV @ 0% $M CAD 9,529
Pre-tax NPV @ 5% $M CAD 4,428
Pre-tax NPV @ 10% $M CAD 2,083
Pre-tax NPV @ 8% $M CAD 2,824
After-tax NPV @ 0% $M CAD 6,651
After-tax NPV @ 5% $M CAD 2,986
After-tax NPV @ 10% $M CAD 1,296
After-tax NPV @ 8% $M CAD 1,830
Pre-tax IRR, % 24
After-tax IRR, % 20.1
Pre-tax payback period, years 2.8
After-tax payback period, years 3

Proposed Heavy Mobile Equipment as of January 25, 2013:
Source: Source p.136
HME TypeModelSizeQuantity
Dozer Caterpillar 854K 597 kW 3
Dozer (crawler) Caterpillar D11T 634 t 3
Dozer (crawler) Caterpillar D10T 433 kW 3
Drill Atlas Copco ECM 720 140 mm 1
Drill P&H 320XPC 457 mm 3
Excavator Caterpillar 345D 2.7 cu. m 1
Grader Caterpillar 24M 397 kW 3
Loader Caterpillar 992K 10.7 cu. m 1
Loader Caterpillar 994F 17 cu. m 2
Shovel P&H 4100 XPB/XPC 67.6 cu. m 3
Truck (haul) Caterpillar 797F 360 t 24
Truck (haul) Caterpillar 777F 90 t 10
Truck (water) 30000 gallons 3

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
President and CEO Paul West-Sells LinkedIn Apr 28, 2020


Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
Corporate Presentation 2016
Feasibility Study Report 2013

News:

NewsDate
Western Copper and Gold Files Final Base Shelf Prospectus, Registration Statement and Technical Report November 3, 2020
Western Copper and Gold Announces Significant Resource Increase at Casino July 14, 2020
Western Copper and Gold Closes Private Placement June 1, 2020
Western Copper and Gold Announces $3.36 Million Private Placement of Flow-Through Shares May 8, 2020
Western Copper and Gold Files Form 40-F and Annual Filings March 20, 2020
Western Copper and Gold Closes Private Placement and Announces CFO February 28, 2020
Western Copper and Gold Announces Strategic Investment by Michael Vitton February 21, 2020
Western Intercepts 55.1 g/t Gold Over 2.97 Metres at Casino September 24, 2019
Western Copper and Gold Corp. Provides Casino Project Update December 13, 2018

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