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Canada
Sudbury Operation (Coleman Mine, Copper Cliff North Mine, Creighton Mine, Garson Mine, Stobie Mine, Totten Mine)

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 Location:
123 km W from North Bay, Ontario, Canada

  Regional Office:
18 Rink Street
Copper Cliff
Ontario, Canada
P0M 1N0
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  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Nickel
  • Copper
  • Cobalt
  • Platinum
  • Palladium
  • Gold
  • Silver
Mining Method
  • Cut & Fill
  • Mechanized Cut & Fill
  • Post Pillar Cut & Fill
  • Open stoping
  • Transverse stoping
  • Longitudinal stoping
  • Slot-Slash
  • Vertical block mining (VBM)
  • Uppers Retreat
Production Start...
Mine Life2043
The Sudbury Operations have been in operation for more than 100 years. With five mines, a mill, a smelter, a refinery and nearly 4,000 employees it is also one of the largest integrated mining complexes in the world.

The Sudbury operations consist of:
- Production stage underground mines (Coleman, Copper Cliff, Creighton, Garson, Totten), a non-operating mine (Stobie), with exploration stage and non-producing deposits;
- Processing and refining capabilities are a combination of facilities in Sudbury (Clarabelle Mill, Copper Cliff Smelter and Nickel Refinery), Port Colborne Nickel Refinery, which is located in in Port Colborne, Ontario, about 160 km from Toronto, Ontario.


Owners

Source: p. 72
CompanyInterestOwnership
Vale S.A. 100 % Indirect
Vale conducts nickel operations primarily through wholly-owned subsidiary Vale Canada Limited, which operates two nickel production systems, one in the North Atlantic region and the other in the Asia Pacific region.

Contractors

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Deposit Type

  • Magmatic
  • Footwall hosted
  • Breccia pipe / Stockwork
  • MMS


Summary:

The magmatic copper-nickel sulphide deposits at Sudbury are part of the Paleoproterozoic Sudbury Structure which comprises the Sudbury Igneous Complex (SIC); breccias, mudstones siltstones and wackes of the Whitewater Group which occupy the centre of the Sudbury Basin; and a ring of brecciated and shockmetamorphosed Archean and Paleoproterozoic footwall rocks which surrounds the SIC. All rocks defined as footwall to the Sudbury Structure are cut by occurrences of Sudbury Breccia. This breccia occurs as small veins, irregularly shaped patches and large, laterally extensive, crudely tabular bodies, which may extend for many kilometres along strike. The rocks of the SIC, dated at 1.85 Ga, are exposed within an elliptical or beanshaped ring with a NE-trending long axis of 60 km and a short axis of 27 km.

The rocks of the Sudbury Structure, and specifically rocks of the SIC and Whitewater Group, are affected by several fault sets and by ductile and brittle deformation associated with these faults. The Sudbury Structure is cut by a number of regional and local mafic dyke swarms. Archean footwall rocks on the North Range are crosscut by north-south trending dykes of the ~2.454 Ga Matachewan swarm.

Northwest-trending olivine tholeiitic dykes of the Sudbury swarm, dated at 1.238 Ga, crosscut the SIC and all rock units within and surrounding the Sudbury Structure.

North Range contact-type Ni-Cu deposits occur at the base of the SIC in association with ........


Mining Methods

  • Cut & Fill
  • Mechanized Cut & Fill
  • Post Pillar Cut & Fill
  • Open stoping
  • Transverse stoping
  • Longitudinal stoping
  • Slot-Slash
  • Vertical block mining (VBM)
  • Uppers Retreat


Summary:

The Ontario Operations use conventional bulk stoping or narrow vein cut-and-fill mining methods, depending on the mine and geological setting. Mines are Owner-operated, and use conventional equipment.

Vale has technical guidelines and procedures in place to ensure that valid geotechnical data are collected and interpreted using appropriate methods, and that existing or planned risk mitigation measures that support mine designs are based on those data and interpretations. Geotechnical data collection and rock mass characterization are used to define geotechnical domains.

For each domain, ground support designs are specified that take into account geotechnical conditions, excavation service life and geometry, proximity to present and future openings, personnel exposure, local historical experiences, and local regulations. Geotechnical recommendations for vertical development, lateral development, and mining stopes, are provided. Legacy workings and drill holes with respect to mine plans are considered to ensure these hazards are mitigated.

All underground mines must have an effective Ground Control Management Plan, also referred to as the “Mine Design Package”, which is a single coherent document that must be developed through application of sound geotechnical engineering practices, conform to local mining regulations, and be aligned with Vale’s safety standards. Within the mine design package of each seismically active mine, there is a Seismic ........


Crushing and Grinding
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Processing

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Summary:

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Production:

CommodityUnits2021202020192018201720162015
Nickel kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required51628054
Copper kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Cobalt t  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Platinum koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Palladium koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Gold koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Silver koz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
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Operational Metrics:

Metrics202120202019201820172016
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required3,669 kt3,337 kt4,210 kt5,850 kt
Annual production capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required66 kt of nickel metal66 kt of nickel metal66 kt of nickel metal
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Reserves at December 31, 2021:
The mineral reserve economic viability was determined based on a long-term price of per metric ton of US$18,000 for nickel, US$7,500 for copper, US$50,000 for cobalt. US$/oz platinum US$1,200, paladium US$1,400, and gold US$1,450.

The mineral resource reasonable prospects of economic extraction were determined using the following price ranges: nickel US$13,376-18,000/t, copper US$5,250-7,000/t, cobalt US$27,500-45,000/t, platinum US$1,150-1,225/oz, palladium US$750-1,093/oz, gold US$1,200-1,373/oz, depending on the deposit.

CategoryTonnage CommodityGrade
Proven 18.9 M dmt Nickel 1.51 %
Proven 18.9 M dmt Copper 1.94 %
Proven 18.9 M dmt Cobalt 0.04 %
Proven 18.9 M dmt Platinum 1.22 g/t
Proven 18.9 M dmt Palladium 1.19 g/t
Proven 18.9 M dmt Gold 0.51 g/t
Probable 35 M dmt Nickel 1.24 %
Probable 35 M dmt Copper 1.4 %
Probable 35 M dmt Cobalt 0.03 %
Probable 35 M dmt Platinum 1.12 g/t
Probable 35 M dmt Palladium 1.49 g/t
Probable 35 M dmt Gold 0.39 g/t
Proven & Probable 53.8 M dmt Nickel 1.33 %
Proven & Probable 53.8 M dmt Copper 1.59 %
Proven & Probable 53.8 M dmt Cobalt 0.04 %
Proven & Probable 53.8 M dmt Platinum 1.16 g/t
Proven & Probable 53.8 M dmt Palladium 1.38 g/t
Proven & Probable 53.8 M dmt Gold 0.43 g/t
Measured & Indicated 57.9 M dmt Nickel 1.54 %
Measured & Indicated 57.9 M dmt Copper 2.04 %
Measured & Indicated 57.9 M dmt Cobalt 0.04 %
Measured & Indicated 57.9 M dmt Platinum 0.87 g/t
Measured & Indicated 57.9 M dmt Palladium 1.1 g/t
Measured & Indicated 57.9 M dmt Gold 0.35 g/t
Inferred 8.6 M dmt Nickel 2.1 %
Inferred 8.6 M dmt Copper 2.5 %
Inferred 8.6 M dmt Cobalt 0.05 %
Inferred 8.6 M dmt Platinum 1.5 g/t
Inferred 8.6 M dmt Palladium 1.8 g/t
Inferred 8.6 M dmt Gold 0.6 g/t



Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required May 30, 2022
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Staff:

EmployeesYear
Subscription required 2022
Subscription required 2021
Subscription required 2019
Subscription required 2018
Subscription required 2017
Subscription required 2016

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
Form 20-F 2018
Form 20-F 2017
Form 20-F 2016
Press Release 2016
Form 20-F 2015
Press Release 2015
Form 20-F 2014
Press Release 2013
Other 2010
Project Description 2010
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