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Chile
Minera Florida Mine

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 Location:
30 km NW from Rancagua, Chile

  Address:
Villa San Jeronimo de Alhué
Santiago
Chile
Phone  ...  Subscription required
Fax+(56)-2-924-2401
WebsiteWeb
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
  • Costs & Financials
  • Fleet
  • Personnel
  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Gold
  • Silver
  • Zinc
Mining Method
  • Sub-level open stoping (SLOS)
  • Longitudinal retreat
  • Backfill
Processing
  • Smelting
  • INCO sulfur dioxide/air process
  • Flotation
  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Concentrate leach
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)
Mine Life6 years (as of Jan 1, 2020)
Latest NewsYamana Gold Provides Exploration Update: Reports Exploration Success in New Areas at Minera Florida With the Potential to Significantly Expand Mineral Resource Base and Increase Mine Life...     September 8, 2020


Owners

Source: p. 90
CompanyInterestOwnership
Yamana Gold Inc. 100 % Indirect
Minera Florida Ltda. (operator) 100 % Direct
Yamana holds a 100% indirect interest in the property through its wholly-owned subsidiary, Minera Florida Ltda.

Deposit Type

  • Vein / narrow vein
  • Hydrothermal


Summary:

The area of the Minera Florida Mine is underlain by upper cretaceous volcanic and intrusive rocks. The volcanic rocks comprise porphyritic andesite, brecciated andesite, lithic and crystal tuff, and brecciated tuff. The bulk of these rocks are also affected by a sequence of hydrothermal alteration. The intrusive rocks comprise mainly granodiorites and monzodiorites.

Gold mineralization in the Minera Florida Mine area occurs as native gold and electrum associated with sulphide minerals, such as pyrite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite and galena, as well as magnetite. Mineralization is commonly associated with hydrothermal alteration including quartz, adularia, epidote, chlorite, and actinolite. Quartz occurs in four types; as grey siliceous zones, green quartz, translucent quartz, and white quartz. Some veins exhibit metal zoning, with a zinc-rich silver-rich zone in the upper part of the vein, a goldrich zone in the central part, and a zinc-rich zone in the lower part of the vein.

In general, mineralized structures include an inner quartz vein (core) consisting of material exhibiting quartz flooding or massive quartz, surrounded by stockwork of quartz veinlets and/or hydrothermal breccia, both of which are mineralized. Gold mineralization in the Minera Florida Mine area has been identified in four types of rocks, in places adjacent to each other, as follows: (1) silicified crystal tuff; (2) lithic to crystal tuff; (3) brecciated tuff; and (4) porphyritic andesite.

There are at least nineteen mineralized veins discovered and partially developed in the Minera Florida Mine area. These veins range from 0.8 metres to 30 metres in thickness, and the average grade ranges from 1.5 grams per tonne of gold to 12 grams per tonne of gold, 6 grams per tonne of silver to 100 grams per tonne of silver, and 0.1% Zn to 1.81% Zn. Many of the mineralized veins at the Minera Florida Mine area do not have a surface expression, but are associated with structures identified by underground diamond drilling.


Mining Methods

  • Sub-level open stoping (SLOS)
  • Longitudinal retreat
  • Backfill


Summary:

Minera Florida is an underground gold mine located south of Santiago in central Chile. The underground workings are developed by adits driven from surface and is accessed at several elevations via multiple portals. An internal ramp system provides access to the stopes. Sublevels are driven in the veins and mining sequence advances from the top down, with pillars left at regular intervals. Underground mining operations are mechanized, utilizing: articulated haul trucks; electronic hydraulic development and production jumbos; load-haul dumpers; and a number of ground support and service equipment. Ore is hauled using 25-tonne trucks from the mine to a transfer point and 40-tonne trucks haul the ore from the transfer point to the process plant. Waste is transported by 25-tonne trucks. The primary mining method is sublevel open stoping. Thickened (paste) tailings from the processing facility are deposited in a TSF that consists of a downstream compacted fill embankment constructed in 2 phases. The embankment has a maximum height of 16 m with a high density polyethylene liner on its upstream face. The Minera Florida operation consists of several underground mines that are accessed via six adits. Mining at Minera Florida is conducted using various underground variations on SLS, either traditional SLS or longitudinal retreat. The different mining zones are accessed via ramps that provide flexibility and access to the ore at different elevations. Traditional SLS is used for veins thicker than 3.5 m. This method considers an upper level for production drilling, which is carried out in a descending pattern for benching or in an ascending one when undercutting the back. For veins thinner than 3.5 m, a longitudinal retreat method is applied. This method considers the development of a single lower gallery which is used for uphole drilling and subsequent (after the ore is blasted) ore extraction using remotely operated equipment to access the stope. In both cases, pillars are left in place to control dilution and to provide ground support. Where required, stopes that have been completely mined can be backfilled with development waste to reduce waste haulage distances and save on waste dump capacity. Underground operations are carried out by Minera Florida Ltda with the support of contractors that are responsible for hauling ore from the mine to the processing plant, transportation of materials and personnel. Underground mining operations are mechanized, utilizing: articulated haul trucks; electronic hydraulic development and production jumbos; load-haul dumpers; and a number of ground support and service equipment.


Crushing and Grinding
Flow Sheet: Source
Crusher / Mill TypeModelSizePowerQuantity
Jaw crusher 112 kW 1
Cone crusher 224 kW 2
Ball mill 3.7m x 4.3m 2

Summary:

The crushing plant is operated on a two 12-hour shifts per day, seven day per week schedule. The trucks deliver the ore (<635 mm) to a dump hopper. The undersize is crushed to -100 mm by a 112 kW primary jaw crusher and then placed either in one of three 80-tonne storage bins or alternatively on a stockpile. The ore is then further crushed by a 224 kW HP300 standard secondary cone crusher and a 224 kW HP300 short head tertiary crusher. The final crushed product is 100% passing 10 mm and is delivered to one of two 600-tonne storage silos ahead of the grinding circuit. Additional storage is provided by stockpiling adjacent to the silos.

The crushed ore is fed to one of two 3.7 m x 4.3 m Dominion Engineering ball mills where it is ground to a 65% passing 75 µm in closed circuit with a cyclone cluster.


Processing

  • Smelting
  • INCO sulfur dioxide/air process
  • Flotation
  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Concentrate leach
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Flow Sheet: Subscription required

Summary:

The cyclone overflow is delivered to the flotation circuit that consists of eight 20 m3 flotation cells arranged in a rougher, scavenger, cleaner, and recleaner configuration. The bulk sulphide concentrate produced contains 22% Zn, approximately 105 g/t Au, and some silver (silver content varies with the head grade).

The flotation bulk concentrate is thickened to 50% solids and leached with NaCN (sodium cyanide) solution in a series of ten 50 m3 leach tanks providing 72 hours of residence time. The products of the leaching circuit are a pregnant solution containing approximately 30 g/m3 Au and a thickened pulp containing the zinc sulphides. The leaching circuit recovers approximately 97% of the gold and 81% of the silver.

The pregnant solution is clarified, heated, and then pumped to four electrowinning (EW) cells where gold and silver sludge is deposited on the cathodes. The sludge is periodically washed off, filtered, and dried prior to being smelted into doré ........

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter2021202020192018201720162015
Gold Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required90.588.682.481.1
Gold Head Grade, g/t  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required3.423.052.342.32
Silver Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required59.55458.7
Silver Head Grade, g/t  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required23.614.519

Production:

CommodityUnits2022202120202019201820172016
Gold koz  ......  Subscription required ^  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required8290104
Silver oz  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
All production numbers are expressed as metal in doré. ^ Guidance / Forecast.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics202120202019201820172016
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required715,288 t792,706 t801,250 t862,132 t
Tonnes processed  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required745,671 t824,669 t1,033,295 t1,662,161 t
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at December 31, 2021:
Mineral Reserves: Underground cut-off at $92.07/t.
Mineral Resources: Underground mineral resources are estimated at a cut-off value of $69.05/t, corrseponding to 75% of the cut-off used to estimate mineral reserves, for the Las Pataguas, PVS, and Cucaracha zones which are constrained to underground mining shapes. The remaining zones are reported unconstrained at a NSR cut-off value of $92.07/t.

CategoryTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven 662 kt Gold 3.08 g/t 65 koz
Proven 662 kt Silver 20.2 g/t 430 koz
Proven 662 kt Zinc 1.44 % 21 M lbs
Probable 4,153 kt Gold 2.73 g/t 364 koz
Probable 4,153 kt Silver 19.3 g/t 2,582 koz
Probable 4,153 kt Zinc 0.83 % 76 M lbs
Proven & Probable 4,815 kt Gold 2.78 g/t 430 koz
Proven & Probable 4,815 kt Silver 19.5 g/t 3,011 koz
Proven & Probable 4,815 kt Zinc 0.91 % 97 M lbs
Measured 1,425 kt Gold 5.24 g/t 240 koz
Measured 1,425 kt Silver 34 g/t 1,557 koz
Measured 1,425 kt Zinc 1.9 % 60 M lbs
Indicated 6,108 kt Gold 4.15 g/t 816 koz
Indicated 6,108 kt Silver 21.8 g/t 4,287 koz
Indicated 6,108 kt Zinc 1.38 % 185 M lbs
Measured & Indicated 7,533 kt Gold 4.36 g/t 1,056 koz
Measured & Indicated 7,533 kt Silver 24.1 g/t 5,844 koz
Measured & Indicated 7,533 kt Zinc 1.48 % 245 M lbs
Inferred 4,167 kt Gold 4.91 g/t 658 koz
Inferred 4,167 kt Silver 23.4 g/t 3,138 koz
Inferred 4,167 kt Zinc 1.2 % 111 M lbs

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits2021202020192018201720162015
Cash costs (sold) Gold Equivalent USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 917 / oz
Cash costs Gold USD 916 / oz 812 / oz 735 / oz 717 / oz
Cash costs Silver USD 11 / oz 9.9 / oz 9.46 / oz
Total cash costs (sold) Gold Equivalent USD  ......  Subscription required 1,398 / oz
Total cash costs (sold) Silver USD 13.7 / oz 13.8 / oz
Total cash costs (sold) Gold USD 1,248 / oz 1,046 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (sold) Gold Equivalent USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required 1,327 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Gold USD 1,099 / oz 1,090 / oz 955 / oz 883 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Silver USD 14.9 / oz 12.7 / oz 11.8 / oz
^ Guidance / Forecast.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Financials:

Units2022202120202019201820172016
Capital expenditures (planned) M USD  ......  Subscription required
Sustaining costs M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required14.5   24.6   23.2  
Capital expenditures M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required60.7   52.6   45.3  
Revenue M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required102.6   123.1   135.5  
Operating Income M USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required-162.3   3.1   22.6  
Subscription required - Subscription is required


Heavy Mobile Equipment as of June 1, 2017:
HME TypeQuantity
Jumbo ....................... Subscription required
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required
Truck (haul) ....................... Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Mar 31, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 22, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 22, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 22, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 22, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 22, 2022
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Feb 22, 2022
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Staff:

Total WorkforceYear
Subscription required 2020

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2021
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
Annual Information Form 2018
Annual Report 2018
Other 2018
Press Release 2018
Corporate Presentation 2017
Financial Review 2017
Management Discussion & Analysis 2017
Annual Report 2016
Annual Report 2015
Technical Report 2010
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

News:

NewsDate
Yamana Gold Provides Exploration Update: Reports Exploration Success in New Areas at Minera Florida With the Potential to Significantly Expand Mineral Resource Base and Increase Mine Life... September 8, 2020

Subscription required - Subscription is required.

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