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Canada
Manitoba Operation (Birchtree Mine, Thompson Mine)

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 Location:
1 km S from Thompson, Manitoba, Canada

  Address:
Box 5000, 1 Vale Road
Thompson
Manitoba, Canada
R8N 1P3
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  • Overview
  • Owners
  • Geology
  • Mining
  • Processing
  • Production
  • Reserves
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  • Filings & News

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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Nickel
  • Copper
  • Cobalt
Mining Method
  • Cut & Fill
  • Vertical block mining (VBM)
  • Slot-Slash
Processing
  • Smelting
  • Flotation
Vale's Manitoba Operation consists of the Thompson and Birchtree Mines along with the Thompson Mill, Thompson Smelter and Thompson Refinery. The Birchtree Mine was placed on care and maintenance in the fourth quarter of 2017.

Company are not reporting the mineral reserves of Manitoba Operation as of December 31, 2019, because the mineral reserves for Manitoba Operation would not be economically viable at the three-year historical average price, due to the decline in nickel prices in the past three years.


Owners

Source: p. 87
CompanyInterestOwnership
Vale S.A. 100 % Indirect

Deposit Type

  • Breccia pipe / Stockwork
  • Vein / narrow vein
  • Magmatic
  • Metamorphic


Summary:

At the Thompson Mine zones of wide and high-grade mineralization are spatially correlated with dilation zones within multiple faulted/drag folded flatter lying stratigraphic sequences within P2. The ore occurs as distinct semi-massive sulphide breccias within these faulted zones as:

* Semi-conformable en echelon and anastamosing sub-vertical vein sets; and
* Flatter lying veins that have infilled dilatant drag folds.

These dilation zones occur at all types of scales, from true widths exceeding 300 feet (100 m) to microscopic scale. Massive sulphide occur locally and less frequently at varying orientations within tension gashes.

Late brittle structures do occur at Thompson Mine but are usually narrow and have limited strike length. Although they can have a negative affect on local ground conditions, they rarely affect the ore zone geometry. The exception is the large brittle 1D fault system that is locally referred to as the Davy’s Fault. It is prevalent within the Pipe formation in the 1D upper and portions of the 1D lower orebodies. In general, the fault crosses the ore zone at a very shallow angle from the south west or in several locations parallels the ore. Depending upon orientation and host rock type the fault can range from a vuggy quartz – carbonate breccia zone up to 100 ft (30 m) across down to graphitic shear zones on scale of a few millimetres. The fault zone affects the local rockmass stability and necessitates use of several ground control/support methods to allow for safe extraction of the ore.

At the Birchtree Mine two important fault structures occur:
* Strike- parallel faults in the structural footwall, including the 780 and 1080 Faults; and
* Shallow East - dipping faults including the 906 and 609 faults.
Minor splays associated with these fault structures also occur at the Birchtree Mine, one example is the 84 Shear.

The sulphide mineral deposits are associated with the ultramafic intrusions within the Pipe Formation, which is part of the Opswagan Group. The sulphide deposits occur as disseminated sulphides within the ultramafics, massive sulphide veins and lenses within the ultramafic and along the contact of the ultramafic with the Pipe Formation, and as massive sulphide veins and lenses within the Pipe Formation. All mineral reserves are contained within the latter two deposit types.

The stratigraphy at the Thompson Mine is overturned and dips 65 degrees to the west. The Archean Gneisses are located in the Thompson Mine hanging wall. Unconformably overlying the gneisses are quartzite, schist, nickel mineralization, calcareous marbles and iron formation. Amphibolite dykes and pegmatites crosscut all lithologies. Ultramafic bodies (locally called peridotite) are associated with the nickel mineralization in areas of Thompson Mine. The majority of sulphide mineralization at the Birchtree Mine is Ultramafic Associated Deposits.

Deposits are generally classified as to their spatial relationship of the mineralization to ultramafic bodies:

Metasedimentary Hosted Deposits
The structurally controlled dilation sulphide matrix mineralized zones are contained within the P2 Schist. Inclusions of wall rocks and ultramafics are common in the massive sulphide. The mineralization is linear and more predictable with widths ranging from 0.3 m to 60 m. Pinch and swell structures are common. The majority of Thompson Mine orebodies fall in under this category.

Ultramafic Associated Deposits
The sulphide mineralized zones tends to concentrate between the footwall or hanging wall rocks and the ultramafic, although it is not uncommon for the ore to completely encompass the ultramafic. The Birchtree Mine 84 Orebody can generally be described as brecciated ultramafic within a sulphide matrix. The ultramafic inclusions, which are randomly distributed, range from centimetres to hundreds of metres in size.

At Pipe 2, mineralization consists of ultramafic associated disseminations, net textured sulphides, semi-massive segregations, and as semi-massive to massive veins and breccias. The sulphide zones extend along strike and dip from the ultramafic host into sediment hosted veins, pods and lenses of massive and breccia sulphide.

Sulphides
The massive sulphides contain inclusions of ultramafics and sediments. On average, massive sulphide consists of 90% pyrrhotite, 10% pentlandite and less than 1% chalcopyrite. Cobalt is contained within the pentlandite.

PGE Mineralization
Recent exploration data from the 1D Lower orebody at Thompson Mine indicates elevated platinum group element levels associated with remobilized, metasediment hosted, sulphide ores. The evaluation of the PGE potential of the TNB is now a part of Vale exploration approach. Several studies are currently underway to better understand PGE mineralization and distribution within ultramafic associated and metasediment hosted sulphide ores.

A positive Pd to Ni correlation exhibited in the 1D Lower data is beneficial in identifying and quantifying the potential PD resource within current ore zones. Data acquisition and evaluation of the PGE potential of metasediment hosted 108 and 109 Orebodies at Birchtree is currently underway.


Mining Methods

  • Cut & Fill
  • Vertical block mining (VBM)
  • Slot-Slash


Summary:

Mine production is sourced from two underground mines: the Birchtree Mine and the Thompson Mine. Mining methods primarily use Vertical Block Mining (VBM), a Slot-Slash Method, with vertical blocks averaging 100 ft in height, and Cut and Fill mining. The ore is crushed underground to -15 cm and shipped to the concentrator.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Smelting
  • Flotation

Source: Subscription required

Summary:

In 2017, company permanently shut down one of the two furnaces in Thompson and the other was shut down in 2018, permanently shutting down smelting and refining operations. By the end of 2017, company had ceased processing Voisey’s Bay feed in Thompson, and since the second half of 2018, company has started sending the majority of the nickel concentrate from Thompson to be refined in Sudbury.

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter20192018201720162015201420132012
Nickel Head Grade, % 1.782.051.811.781.711.781.841.67

Production:

CommodityUnits201920182017201620152014
Nickel kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required23262526
Copper kt  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Cobalt t  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics201920182017201620152014
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,643 kt1,727 kt1,729 kt
Plant annual capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required38 kt of nickel50 kt of nickel50 kt of nickel
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at December 31, 2015:

CategoryTonnage CommodityGrade
Proven 6.5 Mt Nickel 1.86 %
Probable 14.1 Mt Nickel 1.64 %
Proven & Probable 20.6 Mt Nickel 1.71 %


Heavy Mobile Equipment:

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Sep 16, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Sep 16, 2020
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Sep 16, 2020
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Staff:

EmployeesYear
Subscription required 2019
Subscription required 2018
Subscription required 2017

Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2018
Form 20-F 2016
Corporate Presentation 2015
Form 20-F 2015
Form 20-F 2014
Other 2010
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Subscription required - Subscription is required.

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