In the West African Craton, most of the gold mineralisation is shear-zone-hosted with the principal control being structural and with lithology having a minor, local influence. The mineralisation developed in the Kiniero Gold District conforms to this general style of mineralisation, with known deposits being hosted in shear zones, with some regional dimensions.

Generally, vein-hosted lode type mineralisation of the Birimian-style is associated with regionally metamorphosed terrains that have undergone considerable deformation and polyphase intrusive events. Typically, Birimian deposits are invariably strongly structurally controlled, but are also commonly associated with rheological contrasts within and between different lithologies. Recent drilling at both the SGA and Sabali South deposits has indicated the lithostratigraphy as being key to how the differing lithologies support structural preparation at a local scale.

The gold mineralisation is typically late-orogenic, medium grade lodes which are strongly structurally controlled and located within quartz veins or in quartz-veined fracture zones with nter-mineralisation intrusive. Structures can be classified from their textural development as to whether their origins are proximal or deep seated.

The previous Kiniero Project mineralisation vein-lode model considered the deposits to be volcanogenic in origin and to have formed at a sub-marine effusive centre associated with basaltic lava extr ........

The Kiniero Gold Project deposits are suitable to conventional open pit mining methods including drilling, blasting, trucks and shovels in order to supply ore to the 3 Mtpa processing plant. Benches of 5m will be blasted where required and excavated in 2.5m flitches in order to avoid, as much as practical, ore loss and dilution during the mining process.

All mining services will be contracted out, including:
• RC drilling for grade control and drill and blast;
• “down the hole” blasting services, which will include both the delivery of bulk explosives “down the hole” and the supply of blasting accessories;
• load and haul services from the pits to the stockpiles;
• rehandling from the stockpiles to the ROM.

Blasting
Blasting will be undertaken using industry standard storage, transport and charging practices for a modern mining operation, subject to all local and national statutory and regulatory requirements. Production drilling and blasting operations will be carried out at 5m benches. Each 5m bench is then excavated in 2.5m flitches to ensure maximum selectivity.

The supply of explosives and blasting accessories will be contracted out directly to an approved explosives supplier. The explosives contractor will provide, in addition to the supply of primary explosives and blasting accessories, mixing equipment and technical blasting advice when required.

An integrated multi-pit mining schedule was developed ........

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Water for operations is to be sourced from existing raw water catchment dam (rainwater runoff collection), dewatering of historical pits; and boreholes.

Potable water
Potable water will be required for the mine site and both accommodation camps during operations and construction. Currently the Main Camp has borehole water supply available and at the Staff Camp water will be obtained from the Niandan River. Allowance has been made for the procurement and installation of three 4,000 gallon per day industrial Reverse Osmosis (RO) units, i.e. one for each camp and one for the mine site. The units are commercial off-the-shelf designs and will be connected to existing potable water storage and distribution infrastructure. The RO units for the camps will be supplied from existing boreholes at each camp while the site RO system will be fed from the raw water system.

Process Plant
Water Balance and Dams The water balance was developed based on the design inputs received from plant, mining and TSF design and have been based on the following assumptions:
• dry months have been classified as all months receiving 100mm rainfall per month
• excess storage capacity in unused pits and raw water dam have been capped at 300,000m³
• precipitation is based on average rainfall years and does not allow for flood events
• water quality data indicates that the water from the pits and raw water dam complies with WHO guidelines for environmental release
• water release to environment is to be minimised

Site internal roads consist of new TSF access and ring road for pipeline inspections and return water pump station access approximately 8km long.