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Brazil
Pilar Mine

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 Location:
2 km SE from Pilar de Goias, Brazil

  Address:
Suite 1501, 700 West Pender St.
Vancouver
British Columbia, Canada
V6C 1G8
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Overview

StageProduction
Mine TypeUnderground
Commodities
  • Gold
Mining Method
  • Longhole open stoping
  • Room-and-pillar
Processing
  • Gravity separation
  • Inline Leach Reactor (ILR)
  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Concentrate leach
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • AARL elution
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)
Mine Life8 years (as of Jan 1, 2018)
Latest NewsEquinox Gold Provides Update Related to COVID-19 Pandemic     April 2, 2020


Owners

Source:
CompanyInterestOwnership
Equinox Gold  Corp. 100 % Indirect
On May 24, 2018, Leagold Mining completed the acquisition of Brio Gold Inc.

Deposit Type

  • Vein / narrow vein
  • Orogenic


Summary:

Gold mineralization at the Pilar and Guarinos Greenstone Belts is typical of orogenic gold deposition. The mineralization is related to, and controlled by, major faults and shear zones. At the Pilar mine, these structures are mainly low angle thrust faults and at Guarinos, they are mainly high angle transpressional structures and boudins, both probably related to the final stages of Archean-Paleoproterozoic deformation.

Strong silicification and sulphidation are the main forms of hydrothermal alteration. Host rocks and most carbonaceous meta-sedimentary rocks are well silicified and contain shear-related quartz veins. Arsenopyrite is the main sulphide related to the gold mineralization, while pyrite, and minor chalcopyrite, and pyrrhotite are also present. Gold is present both as free grains in clusters related to quartz veining, and in association with arsenopyrite and other sulphides.

Mineralization at the Pilar mine is located in three main zones:

• HG1 (Basal zone): the most continuous and important style of mineralization in the deposit. The Bazal zone is controlled by carbonaceous schists and intercalated chlorite schists. It is hosted on the basal contact of the chlorite schist with the graphite schist.

• HG2 (Upper zone): an important zone with similar volume to HG1 but with lower grades. The zone is essentially controlled by quartz veins inside the chlorite schists. It is located in the hangingwall portion of the main thrust fault.

• HG3 (Upper zone): the smallest and most discontinuous zone at the Pilar deposit, with location and average grades similar to HG2.

The upper zone is continuous along the Pilar – Três Buracos trend, with a width of up to 60 m. This zone is characterized by the presence of thin quartz veins and associated sulphides, mostly pyrite.

The basal zone is characterized by strong silicification and sulphidation. Arsenopyrite, the main sulphide, commonly constitutes up to 5% of the rock. The basal zone averages 10 m wide and is continuous along the main trend. The highest grades are closely associated with high sulphide (arsenopyrite) and quartz content and are associated with structurally controlled mineralized shoots distributed along the trend.

Detailed field mapping, examination of garimpo workings, core logging, and assay results received for drill holes have led Yamana to a preliminary interpretation of three main mineralization levels at Três Buracos. All three levels have been investigated by an extensive chip sampling campaign and followed by detailed geological interpretation:

• The uppermost level comprises chlorite schist with thin quartz veins and hydrothermal alteration. It is approximately 30 m thick and shows encouraging results for gold grades along strike. Chip sampling at this level shows low, but consistent, gold grades of about 1.4 g/t Au to 2.6 g/t Au.

• The intermediate level comprises intensely silicified and sulphidized rocks, with up to 20% arsenopyrite as the main sulphide. Sericite and fuchsite are common and concentrated in a 1.0 m thick layer. Gold grades are high, mainly in highly sulphidized, sericite-fuchsite-rich layers, ranging from 13 g/t Au to 85 g/t Au. The main mineralized horizon is at the contact zone between the upper level and the underlying graphite schist. The intermediate level is at least 3 m thick, and is characterized by strong hydrothermal alteration.

• The basal level of graphite schist is close to the contact with quartz sericite schist, is mineralized, and was mined during the 18th century.

Mineralization at Maria Lázara is hosted by silicified biotite-chlorite-sericite schists and with quartz veins concordant with the main foliation. These schists show an average thickness of 2.0 m in diamond drill holes and mine openings. The mineral assembly contains sericite, chlorite, biotite, tourmaline, albite, quartz, and sulfides, mainly arsenopyrite with minor pyrite, pyrrhotite, sphalerite, galena, and chalcopyrite. The schists exhibit a porphyroblastic texture, containing porphyroblasts of garnet and occasionally magnetite. Native gold occurs associated with arsenopyrite and quartz or quartz-albite veins.

Diamond drilling has outlined an area of gold mineralization with a strike length of 3.6 km, a width of 720 m, and a thickness ranging from less than one metre to ten metres.

Gold mineralization at the Caiamar mine occurs in four parallel zones and in a set of small shoot-like structures related to a transpressional shear zone. They are described as follows:

• Zone A0: small zones of discontinuous mineralization not related to hydrothermal alteration, hosted by quartz-biotite-graphite schist.

• Zone A1: the most important and continuous zone in the deposit. The zone is hosted in a hydrothermally altered meta-greywacke and the mineralization is associated with quartz-albite-arsenopyrite veinlets. Contains small, scattered higher-grade zones associated with porphyritic intrusions.

• Zone A2: similar setting and slightly less tonnage than zone A1. It is separated from A1 by an amphibolitic metasediment. Contains small, scattered higher-grade zones associated with porphyritic intrusions.

• Zone A3: small, scattered patches of mineralization in a similar environment to A1 and A2.

Diamond drilling has outlined zones of steeply plunging gold mineralization within an area with a strike length of approximately 1.4 km, a vertical extent measuring 600 m, and thicknesses ranging from one metre to 20 m.


Mining Methods

  • Longhole open stoping
  • Room-and-pillar


Summary:

The Pilar complex comprises two underground mining operations. The bulk of the mill feed is produced from the Pilar mine. The Maria Lázara satellite deposit currently supplements the Pilar mine production. At the Maria Lázara mine, ore is extracted using traditional longhole sub-level open stoping. The Pilar mine utilizes a custom step room-and-pillar (SRP) mining method for approximately 80% of its production. This is supplemented by traditional longhole stoping.

The Maria Lázara mine is located approximately 15 km from the Pilar processing plant. At the Maria Lázara mine, sub-level longhole open stoping is used to extract ore. Each mining panel consists of a main lower level and two sub-levels, accessed with 4.0 m wide by 4.5 m high drives. The vertical distance between the roof of the main level and the floor of the first sublevel is 15 m.

The Caiamar mine is located approximately 42 km from the Pilar processing plant. At the Caiamar mine, sub-level longhole open stoping was used to extract ore. Each mining panel consists of a main lower level and two sub-levels, accessed with 4.0 m wide by 4.5 m high drives.


Crushing and Grinding


Processing

  • Gravity separation
  • Inline Leach Reactor (ILR)
  • Agitated tank (VAT) leaching
  • Concentrate leach
  • Carbon in pulp (CIP)
  • AARL elution
  • Solvent Extraction & Electrowinning
  • Cyanide (reagent)

Flow Sheet: Subscription required

Summary:

The overall process flowsheet consists of the following unit processes:

• Primary jaw crushing;
• Semi-autogenous grinding (SAG) mill feed bin;
• Single stage SAG mill grinding;
• Pebble crushing;
• Gravity concentration using centrifugal concentrators; treating the underflow the grinding cyclones;
• Intensive cyanide leaching of the gravity concentrate using Acacia reactor;
• Grinding circuit thickening producing a leach feed of 55% solids;
• Cyanide leaching using six tanks in series;
• Carbon in pulp gold recovery using eight tanks in series;
• Cyanide detoxification using sodium metabisulphite in five tanks in series;
• Anglo American Research Laboratory (AARL) stripping of the carbon;
• Electrowinning of the carbon eluent and gravity concentrate leach solution;
• Casting of gold bars in an induction furnace.

Ore is delivered from the Pilar mine using 14 t haul trucks. Ore from the Caiamar mine is ........

Recoveries & Grades:

CommodityParameter20182017201620152014
Gold Recovery Rate, %  ......  Subscription required9395.49492
Gold Head Grade, g/t  ......  Subscription required1.982.422.421.87

Production:

CommodityUnits201920182017201620152014
Gold oz  ......  Subscription required51,57073,93187,06183,18460,090
All production numbers are expressed as metal in doré.
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Operational Metrics:

Metrics201920182017201620152014
Plant annual capacity  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1.4 Mt
Ore tonnes mined  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,235,238 t1,173,963 t1,078,866 t832,813 t
Tonnes processed  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required1,235,251 t1,174,584 t1,134,722 t1,084,129 t
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Reserves at May 31, 2018:

CategoryOreTypeTonnage CommodityGradeContained Metal
Proven Total 961 kt Gold 1.51 g/t 47 koz
Probable Total 6,044 kt Gold 1.13 g/t 219 koz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (OP) 5,189 kt Gold 1.03 g/t 171.4 koz
Proven & Probable In-Situ (UG) 1,816 kt Gold 1.61 g/t 94.2 koz
Proven & Probable Total 7,005 kt Gold 1.18 g/t 266 koz
Measured In-Situ (UG) 2,389 kt Gold 3.5 g/t 269 koz
Measured Total 2,389 kt Gold 3.5 g/t 269 koz
Indicated In-Situ (OP) 7,580 kt Gold 0.96 g/t 234 koz
Indicated In-Situ (UG) 5,899 kt Gold 3.63 g/t 688 koz
Indicated Total 13,479 kt Gold 2.13 g/t 922 koz
Measured & Indicated In-Situ (OP) 7,580 kt Gold 0.96 g/t 234 koz
Measured & Indicated In-Situ (UG) 8,288 kt Gold 3.59 g/t 957 koz
Measured & Indicated Total 15,868 kt Gold 2.33 g/t 1,191 koz
Inferred In-Situ (OP) 673 kt Gold 0.83 g/t 18 koz
Inferred In-Situ (UG) 19,726 kt Gold 3.3 g/t 2,090 koz
Inferred Total 20,399 kt Gold 3.21 g/t 2,108 koz

Commodity Production Costs:

CommodityUnits2018201720162015
Cash costs (sold) Gold USD 994 / oz
Cash costs Gold USD 852 / oz 742 / oz 717 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (sold) Gold USD 1,077 / oz
All-in sustaining costs (AISC) Gold USD 1,064 / oz 951 / oz 861 / oz

Operating Costs:

Units20182015
UG mining costs ($/t milled) USD 2934
Processing costs ($/t milled) USD  ......  Subscription required  ......  Subscription required
Total operating costs ($/t milled) USD  ......  Subscription required
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Financials:

Units201620152014
Capital expenditures M USD 26.4   16.7   93.9  
Revenue M USD 103.99   92.4  
Operating Income M USD -109.8   11.9  


Heavy Mobile Equipment as of May 31, 2018:
HME TypeModelQuantity
Drill (long hole) ....................... Subscription required 7
Drill (long hole) ....................... Subscription required 3
Drill jumbo (single boom) ....................... Subscription required 5
Drill jumbo (two boom) ....................... Subscription required 4
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required 6
Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) ....................... Subscription required 4
Rock bolter ....................... Subscription required 2
Rock bolter ....................... Subscription required 4
Truck (dump) ....................... Subscription required 8
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

Mine Management:

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Mar 24, 2021
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Mar 24, 2021
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Mar 24, 2021
Subscription required - Subscription is required.


Corporate Filings & Presentations:

DocumentYear
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2020
................................... Subscription required 2019
................................... Subscription required 2019
Corporate Presentation 2018
Corporate Presentation 2018
Management Discussion & Analysis 2018
Press Release 2018
Quarterly Report 2018
Technical Report 2018
Financial Review 2016
Management Discussion & Analysis 2016
Press Release 2016
Technical Report 2016
Year-end Mineral Reserves 2016
Annual Report 2015
Subscription required - Subscription is required.

News:

NewsDate
Equinox Gold Provides Update Related to COVID-19 Pandemic April 2, 2020

Aerial view:

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