The Lumwana Project contains two major copper deposits, Malundwe and Chimiwungo, which are structurally controlled shear zone hosted deposits considered to be an end member of Central African Copperbelt class of deposits. These copper + cobalt + gold + uranium deposits are hosted within the Mwombezhi Dome, which is a northeast trending basement dome in the western arm of the Lufilian Arc thrust fold belt.

In Zambia, the Lufilian Arc contains variably deformed and metamorphosed Late Proterozoic metasediments and volcanics of the Katangan Lower and Upper Roan, Mwashia, Nguba, and the Kundelungu supergroups, which unconformably overly the basement. The basement consists of older metamorphosed gneisses, schists, migmatites, amphibolites and granitoids. Subsequent to the deposition of the Katangan sequences, the basin was inverted, deformed, metamorphosed, and uplifted by generally north directed thrusting and folding to produce the late Neoproterozoic – Cambrian Lufilian Arc.

The copper mineralization at Malundwe and Chimiwungo is hosted almost entirely within high grade metamorphosed, intensely mylonitized, recrystallized muscovite–phlogopite–quartz–kyanite schists with disseminated sulphides (typically <5%) dominated by chalcopyrite and bornite which is locally referred to as Mineralized Ore Schist. The distribution of copper mineralization is controlled by visibly identifiable stratabound geology, within which copper grades are consistent. Optimal grade continuity is aligned to an observed north–south stretching lineation.

The copper mineralization at Lumwana is almost entirely disseminated sulphides (typically <5%) dominated by chalcopyrite and bornite with a minor amount of the resource classified as oxide or transition.

The overall strike length of mineralization at Malundwe is approximately six kilometres north-south and up to 1.5 km wide (east-west), predominantly as a single Mineralized Ore Schist horizon. The mineralization outcrops in the east, has an overall gentle dip to the west, and plunges to the south.

The Chimiwungo deposit is partitioned into three bodies by two steep west-northwest trending dip-slip fault zones. The mineralized zones are referred to as Chimiwungo South, Chimiwungo Main (includes the recently discovered Chimiwungo East mineralized shoot), and Chimiwungo North. The mineralization Chimiwungo currently extends up to 1.5 km north-south and 2.8 km in the east-west orientation and remains open to the east and south.

Sulphide copper ore at Lumwana is mined by open pit methods that follow the typical sequence of tasks: blasthole drilling, blasting, loading by hydraulic shovels (15 m3 and 27 m3), and hauling by off-highway trucks (254 t).

Three Current Pits Average Dimensions: 1km long x 0.6km wide x 120m deep and Typical Bench Height 12m.

The Lumwana concentrator flow sheet has a nominal design capacity of 25 Mtpa (approximately 68,000 tpd).

Trucks from the Malundwe mine tip directly into a 400 t capacity run-of-mine (ROM) dump hopper. The Malundwe ROM pad accepts ore that cannot be directly dumped into the crusher feed hopper. The primary gyratory crusher crushes the ROM ore from a nominal top size of 1,500 mm to less than 200 mm. Oversize material is deposited on the ROM pad to be further broken by a mobile rock breaker. Crusher product is then conveyed via a 4.5 km overland conveyor to a conical crushed ore stockpile with 12 hours live capacity.

The flotation plant consists of two parallel trains of rougher/scavenger cells. The rougher/scavenger concentrate reports to the regrind circuit to further liberate the copper minerals. Following regrinding, the concentrate is cleaned in a conventional cleaner/recleaner circuit to reach final concentrate grade. Final concentrate grades of approximately 4 ........