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Mexico

Bolivar Expansion Project

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Overview

Mine TypeUnderground
StatusInactive / Suspended
Commodities
  • Gold
  • Silver
  • Copper
  • Zinc
  • Lead
  • Iron Ore
Mining Method
  • Sub-level stoping
  • Room-and-pillar
Backfill type ... Lock
Mine Life... Lock
SnapshotOn April 16, 2021, the Board approved the investment for the construction of the magnetite processing plant Bolivar’s Piedras Verdes processing plant. However, it has not yet taken place and there is no indication that such construction shall take place in the foreseeable future.

The plant was expected to produce approximately 500,000 tonnes of 62% iron ore fines concentrate each year.
Related AssetBolivar

Owners

SourceSource
CompanyInterestOwnership
Sierra Metals Inc. 100 % Indirect
Dia Bras Mexicana SA de CV (operator) 100 % Direct
Sierra Metals Inc. owns 100% of the Bolivar Mine through Dia Bras Mexicana.

Contractors

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Deposit type

  • Carbonate hosted
  • Skarn

Summary:

At the Bolivar Property, the volcanic rocks strike northwest and dip gently to moderately to the northeast.

Skarn alteration and mineralization at the Bolivar Property is hosted primarily in a package of sedimentary rocks that occur as a layer or lens within the LVS (Reynolds, 2008). All sedimentary units have undergone low grade metamorphism. The lowermost sedimentary horizon observed is a dolostone which ranges from 24 m to 40 m in thickness. The lower part of the dolostone horizon is interlayered with siltstone. To the south, progressively less of the sedimentary sequence is cut out by granodioritic intrusive rocks and the dolostone is observed to be underlain by a siltstone horizon.

The Bolivar deposit is classified as a high-grade Cu-Zn skarn and exhibits many characteristics common to this type of deposit. The term ‘skarn’ refers to coarse-grained calcium or magnesian silicate alteration formed at relatively high temperatures by the replacement of the original rock, which is often carbonate-rich.

The dikes locally cut the granodiorite, have planar, chilled contacts, and are generally finely crystalline. Both their texture and crosscutting relations suggest that the dikes are younger and shallower than the granodiorite. Both granodiorite and andesite dikes have alteration and locally skarn along their contacts. In addition, endoskarns, which are skarns of igneous origin that form within the granite mass itself, affect both the granodiorite and in rare cases, the andesite dikes. Thus, these rocks are older than or at best coeval with alteration/mineralization. The presence of skarn veins cutting an andesite dike is clear evidence that at least some skarn is later than at least some of the andesite dikes. A closer association of granodiorite with skarn alteration and mineralization is suggested by local K-silicate veining of the granodiorite and the zonation of skarn relative to this contact.

Mineralization at the Bolivar Property is hosted by skarn alteration in carbonate rocks adjacent to the Piedras Verde granodiorite. Orientations of the skarn vary dramatically, although the majority are gently-dipping. Thicknesses vary from 2 m to over 20 m. Skarn mineralization is strongly zoned, with proximal Cu-rich garnet skarn in the South Bolivar area, close to igneous contacts, and more distal Zn-rich garnet+pyroxene skarn in the northern Bolivar and southern skarn zones near El Val. The presence of chalcopyrite+bornite dominant skarn (lacking sphalerite) in the South Bolivar area, along with K-silicate veins in the adjacent granodiorite suggests that this zone is close to a center of hydrothermal fluid activity. In contrast, the main Bolivar Mine is characterized by Zn>Cu and more distal skarn mineralogy such as pyroxene>garnet and pale green and brown garnets. Alteration is zoned relative to fluid flow channels. From proximal to distal, the observed sequence is red-brown garnet to brown garnet with chalcopyrite ± bornite ± magnetite to green garnet ± pyroxene with chalcopyrite + sphalerite to massive sulfide (sphalerite ± chalcopyrite ± galena) to marble with stylolites and other fluid escape structures.

Mineralization exhibits strong stratigraphic control and two stratigraphic horizons host the majority: an upper calcic horizon, which predominantly hosts Zn-rich mineralization, and a lower dolomitic horizon, which predominantly hosts Cu-rich mineralization. In both cases, the highest grades are developed where fault or vein structures and associated breccia zones cross these favorable horizons near skarn-marble contacts. Zones of breccia follow faults like the Rosario, Fernandez, and Breccia Linda trends as well as nearly vertical breccia pipes such as La Increible.rly vertical breccia pipes.

Reserves

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Mining Methods

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Comminution

Crushers and Mills

Milling equipment has not been reported.

Processing

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Production

CommodityProductUnitsLOM
Gold Payable metal M oz 0.15
Silver Payable metal M oz 13
Copper Payable metal Mt 0.2
Iron (magnetite) Concentrate kt 5,700

Operational metrics

Metrics
Daily ore mining rate  ....  Subscribe
Daily processing capacity  ....  Subscribe
Annual ore mining rate  ....  Subscribe
Annual mining rate  ....  Subscribe
Tonnes processed, LOM  ....  Subscribe
* According to 2021 study.

Production Costs

CommodityUnitsAverage
Cash costs Copper Equivalent USD  ....  Subscribe
Cash costs Copper Equivalent USD  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Iron (magnetite) USD  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Lead USD  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Zinc USD  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Copper USD  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Silver USD  ....  Subscribe
Assumed price Gold USD  ....  Subscribe
* According to 2021 study / presentation.
** Net of By-Product.

Operating Costs

Currency2021
UG mining costs ($/t milled) USD  ....  Subscribe
Processing costs ($/t milled) USD  ....  Subscribe
G&A ($/t milled) USD  ....  Subscribe
Total operating costs ($/t milled) USD  ....  Subscribe
* According to 2021 study.

Project Costs

MetricsUnitsLOM Total
Closure costs $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Total CapEx $M USD  ......  Subscribe
UG OpEx $M USD  ......  Subscribe
Processing OpEx $M USD 225.6
Backfill costs $M USD  ......  Subscribe
G&A costs $M USD 55.4
Total OpEx $M USD  ......  Subscribe
EBITDA (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscribe
After-tax Cash Flow (LOM) $M USD  ......  Subscribe
After-tax NPV @ 8% $M USD  ......  Subscribe

Required Heavy Mobile Equipment

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Personnel

Mine Management

Job TitleNameProfileRef. Date
....................... Subscription required ....................... Subscription required Subscription required Sep 21, 2021

Aerial view:

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