The Ruashi ore body is a stratiform, sediment-hosted copper deposit (“SSC”) located in the Central African Copper belt. The Copper belt forms one of the world’s greatest metallogenic provinces containing over a third of the world’s cobalt reserves and a tenth of the world’s copper reserves. The Central African Copper belt is second only to the Chilean Porphyry belt in terms of copper endowment but lags significantly in terms of production.

The Ruashi copper-cobalt ore bodies are situated within a 24 km long by 2 km wide, northwest to southeast trending fold structure. The Lukuni-Ruashi Etoile trend consists of a recumbent, synclinal fold, Ruashi on the southern limb and Etoille on the northern limb. The flanks are made up of Roan rocks and the core by the Mines Group, all occurring to the southwest of a prominent regional northwest to southeast trending thrust fault. A local thrust fault dipping to the south, locates within the RAT formation immediately south of the Ruashi ore bodies. A listric fault-breccia pattern separates the ore bodies from one another.

Three ore bodies have been identified at the Ruashi Mine, namely Ruashi I, Ruashi II and Ruashi III.

Ruashi I, the largest of the three, is located in the northwest of the mining area. The lateral extent of Ruashi I measures approximately 900 m in a northwest to southeast direction and 350 m across strike. In cross-section, the oxide zone extends to approximately 130 m below surface, wh ........

Ruashi Mine is an open cast mining operation and the deposit is mined by conventional open-pit mining methods using truck and excavator combinations.

The project realizes the exploitation of the RUASHI deposits by the development in 3 open pit
mines. All 3 pits evolve at an average depth of 60 meters.
The exploitation takes place as follows:
- Stripping;
- the actual Operation (drilling, mining, loading and transportation and embankment);
- dewatering;
- the constitution of the benches;
- control of slope stability;
- watering access roads in the dry season.

Ruashi I is largely mined out up to a depth of approximately 52 m below surface (1 240 amsl). The design extends another 28 m down to the 1 205 level. However, a southern pushback is planned to access additional ore at depth. The pit is accessed by a ramp from the north, with the north-western and south-eastern parts being serviced by ramps branching off from the existing northern ramp.

Ruashi II is the smallest of the three ore bodies. The design extends up a depth of 90 m below surface (1 195 amsl). The pit has a diameter of roughly 400 m on surface. A single ramp provides access to all the levels in both Pit II and Pit III. The current pit floor is 41 m below surface.

Ruashi II is the smallest of the three ore bodies. The design extends up a depth of 90 m below surface (1 195 amsl). The pit has a diameter of roughly 400 m on surface. ........

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Bulk service water for the surface plant and infrastructure is supplied from the following sources:
- Surface drill holes;
- Return dam water from the TSF;
- In pit dewatering pumps;
- Open pit dewatering drill holes.

The tailings dewatering system supplements this water, all of which is discharged into the surface “Coffer dam”. A small percentage of the drill hole water is treated and stored in sealed and vented storage vessels for potable use. There are ample water resources available, to support all the mining and processing operations at the Ruashi Mine.