Khumani mine is situated within a sequence of early Proterozoic sediments of the Transvaal Supergroup. The mine is symmetrically located on the Maremane Anticline in the Griqualand West Sequence of the Transvaal Supergroup, as well as the Elim Group of the Keis Supergroup.

In general, two ore types are present: laminated hematite ore, forming part of the Manganore Iron Formation, and conglomerate ore, belonging to the Doornfontein Conglomerate Member at the base of the Gamagara Formation. The laminated ore types occur in the upper portion of the Manganore Iron Formation as enriched high-grade hematite bodies. The boundaries of high grade hematite orebodies cross-cut primary sedimentary bedding, indicating that secondary hematitisation of the iron formation took place. In all of these, some of the stratigraphic and sedimentological features of the original iron formation are preserved. The conglomeratic ore found in the Doornfontein Conglomerate Member of the Gamagara Formation, is lenticular but not consistently developed along strike. It consists of stacked, upward fining conglomerate-gritstone-shale sedimentary cycles.

The lowest conglomerates and gritstones tend to be rich in subrounded to rounded hematite ore pebbles and granules and form the largest part of the resource. The amount of iron ore pebbles decreases upwards in the sequence so that upper conglomerates normally consist of poorly sorted, angular to rounded chert and banded iron formation pebbles. Hematite is the predominant ore mineral, but limonite and specularite also occur.

Khumani being characterised by larger stratiform bodies and prominent hanging-wall outcrops. The down-dip portions are well preserved and developed, but in the outcrop the deposits are thin and isolated. Numerous deeper iron ore extensions occur into the basins due to karst development. A prominent north-south strike of the orebodies dipping to the west is notable.

The iron ore is mined from a series of open pits on the Bruce and King properties by means of conventional drilling, blasting and loading onto trucks, followed by hauling to either of the Bruce and King primary and secondary crushing facilities. From there, it is transferred by means of overland conveyors and stockpiled onto blending beds that divide the material into two categories, on- and off-grade material, before reaching the Parsons Beneficiation Plant.

Run-of-mine ore is crushed and stored as ‘on-’ or ‘off-grade’ on blending stockpiles. Ore from the stockpiles is either sent to the wash-and-screen plants or, if ‘off-grade’, to the beneficiation plants. The washing and screening plants consist primarily of tertiary crushing, washing, screening, conveying and stacking equipment. The beneficiation plants consist of tertiary crushers; scrubbers; coarse and fine jigs; lumpy and fines product stockpiles; and a rapid load-out facility. No chemicals are being used in any of the treatment plants.

On-Grade material is moved from the on-grade stockpile through to the Washing and Screening Plant situated on the Parsons property, to ultimately produce final product incorporating tertiary crushing of any oversize material from the screening plant.

Off-grade material is moved from the off-grade stockpile through to the Washing and Screening Plant. Any oversized material is crushed in the Tertiary Crushers, and also beneficiate ........