The historic Cerro de Pasco deposit, located on the Andean Plateau in Central Peru, is one of the largest polymetallic resources in the world. Carbonate-hosted Zn-Pb-(Bi-Ag) ores presently being mined from the eastern part of the open pit contain Fe-poor sphalerite and display argillic to advanced argillic alteration, including aluminumphosphate-sulfate (APS) minerals.

The oldest exposed rocks in the Cerro de Pasco district are slightly metamorphosed Devonian shales and sandstones of the Excelsior Group. They are overlain by Permo-Triassic red beds (sandstones and conglomerates) of the Mitú Group. Over the half eastern part of the district, the Mitú Group is covered by a several hundred meter-thick Upper Triassic-Lower Jurassic carbonate sequence belonging to the Pucará Group.

The earliest stage formed an extensive replacement body of quartzpyrite on the eastern margin of the vent. Only minor sphalerite was deposited during this stage. Probably as part of the quartz-pyrite stage, pyrrhotite replaced the central portions of the pyrite-quartz body in steep, pipe-like zones, grading out to ore consisting of Fe-rich sphalerite and galena. E W enargite-pyrite veins in the western area truncate this early mineralization stage.

Our working hypothesis is that sphalerite-3 orebodies, largely associated with advanced argillic alteration (characterized by an assemblage of kaolinite, quartz, dickite, hinsdalite, svanbergite) and the E-W trending high-sulfidation enargite-bearing veins that cut the silica-pyrite body were formed during the same stage. Alunite occurring within silica-pyrite bodies in the western face of the open pit nearby enargite veins also belong to this stage.

During 2014 the Company continued using crushing, milling and filtration circuits at the Paragsha plant to increase the treatment capacity of the San Expedito plant. In addition, recovery improved after installation of a flash SK-240 cell and an automatic lime dosing control system, as well as greater flotation time in the lead-zinc circuits with large cells transferred from the Paragsha plant. However metallurgical testing was continued in order to improve recovery and zinc grade, given the higher copper head grade of the ore.