Overview
Stage | Production |
Mine Type | Open Pit & Underground |
Commodities |
- PGM
- Platinum
- Palladium
- Rhodium
- Gold
- Iridium
- Ruthenium
- Nickel
- Copper
|
Mining Method |
- Bord-and-pillar
- Truck & Shovel / Loader
|
Production Start | ... |
Mine Life | 2037 |
The Kroondal operation is a 50/50 pool and share arrangement (PSA) with Anglo American Platinum whereby the Kroondal infrastructure accesses defined Mineral Reserves agreed by the PSA partners. In January 2022, Sibanye-Stillwater reached an agreement with Anglo American Platinum to fully consolidate Kroondal operations under the Rustenburg operations. Conditions of the agreement are expected to be fulfilled by Q1 2024.
Ore is treated in two concentrator plants (K1 and K2). The concentrate is sold to a wholly-owned subsidiary of Anglo American Platinum, under a Purchase of Concentrate (PoC) off-take agreement. |
Source:
p. 110
On 31 January 2022, Sibanye-Stillwater announced it had entered into an agreement with RPM, through its subsidiary SRPM, which will result in SRPM assuming full ownership of the Kroondal operation. The sale transaction was not effective at 31 December 2022 since its implementation is subject to the fulfilment of certain conditions precedent.
The Kroondal operation is subject to a 50/50 pool and share agreement (“Kroondal PSA”) between Kroondal Operations Proprietary Limited (a 100% held subsidiary of Sibanye-Stillwater) and RPM (“collectively the PSA Parties”). Sibanye-Stillwater acquired its 50% interest in the Kroondal PSA following its acquisition of Aquarius Platinum Limited in April 2016.
Contractors
- Subscription is required.
Summary:
The Bushveld Complex extends approximately 450 km east to west and approximately 250 km north to south. It underlies an area of some 67,000km², spanning parts of Limpopo, North West, Gauteng, and Mpumalanga Provinces.
Interlayered in the Upper Critical Zone of the RLS, the Merensky and Upper Group No.2 Chromitite (UG2) Reefs are preserved as narrow tabular structures. The Kroondal Operations are situated on the western limb of the Bushveld Complex and produce the PGMs and associated Base Metals from the mining and processing of the UG2 Reef.
PGM reef-type deposits are deposits where the PGM are the main products and Ni and Cu are the by- products (e.g., the UG-2 and Merensky reefs of the Bushveld Complex, or the J-M reef of the Stillwater Complex, Montana and the MSZ of the Great Dyke of Zimbabwe). The deposits generally contain less than 1-2% sulphide minerals and tend to form laterally relatively persistent stratiform horizons in large layered intrusions that are often relatively easy to trace once they have been intersected.
The Merensky Reef at the Kroondal Operations is mined out and will not be discussed further.
The UG2 Reef consists of the Main Seam chromitite. Overlying the UG2 Main Seam is an unmineralized pyroxenite layer, locally termed the pyroxenite parting or simply parting (UG2P). Above the pyroxenite parting (UG2P) another chromite layer, the UG2L, locally referred to as the Leader Seam, is the topmost mining minera ........
Mining Methods
- Bord-and-pillar
- Truck & Shovel / Loader
Summary:
MINING METHOD
• Underground operations: Bord-and-pillar;
• Klipfontein open-pit operation: Terraced, truck and shovel.
Kroondal consists of five operational shallow, mechanised shafts and an open-pit mine in the western limb of the BIC. The UG2 Reef is accessed from surface using decline systems and underground mining takes place at depths of between 250m and 550m below surface.
Kroondal Operations are divided into five separate mining shafts:
- Kwezi;
- K6;
- Kopaneng;
- Simunye;
- Bambanani.
Shaft Infrastructure
Kroondal Operations consist of large, established shallow level mechanised PGM mines in the Bushveld Complex accessed from the surface utilizing decline systems.
Kroondal Operations comprise five shafts that have the same decline systems and mining method i.e. bord and pillar.
The mining method applied at all Kroondal Operations shafts is mechanised bord and pillar. There are, however, a few sections where handheld drill and blast operations take place.
No backfilling is used on underground operations.
Source:
- subscription is required.
Flow Sheet:
Summary:
- subscription is required.
Source:
- subscription is required.
Reserves at December 31, 2022:
Mineral Resources are reported inclusive of Mineral Reserves.
Category | OreType | Tonnage | Commodity | Grade | Contained Metal |
Proven
|
In-Situ (OP)
|
1 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.4 g/t
|
0.2 M oz
|
Proven
|
In-Situ (UG)
|
14.8 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
2.5 g/t
|
1.2 M oz
|
Proven
|
Total
|
16 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
2.6 g/t
|
1.3 M oz
|
Measured
|
In-Situ (OP)
|
1.6 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
4.4 g/t
|
0.2 M oz
|
Measured
|
In-Situ (UG)
|
48.4 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.3 g/t
|
5.2 M oz
|
Measured
|
Total
|
50 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.3 g/t
|
5.4 M oz
|
Indicated
|
In-Situ (UG)
|
9.4 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.8 g/t
|
1.2 M oz
|
Indicated
|
Total
|
9.4 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.8 g/t
|
1.2 M oz
|
Measured & Indicated
|
In-Situ (UG)
|
58 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.4 g/t
|
6.4 M oz
|
Measured & Indicated
|
Total
|
59.6 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.4 g/t
|
6.6 M oz
|
Inferred
|
In-Situ (UG)
|
5 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
2.9 g/t
|
0.5 M oz
|
Inferred
|
Total
|
5 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
2.9 g/t
|
0.5 M oz
|
Total Resource
|
Total
|
64.4 Mt
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
3.4 g/t
|
7 M oz
|
Commodity Production Costs:
| Commodity | Units | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
Cash costs
|
PGM
|
USD
|
|
|
......
|
......
|
670 / oz
|
675 / oz
|
Cash costs
|
Platinum
|
USD
|
|
|
|
......
|
1,411 / oz
|
1,419 / oz
|
All-in sustaining costs (AISC)
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
USD
|
......
|
......
|
......
|
......
|
744 / oz†
|
765 / oz†
|
All-in sustaining costs (sold)
|
PGM
|
USD
|
|
|
......
|
......
|
730 / oz†
|
706 / oz†
|
All-in sustaining costs (sold)
|
Platinum
|
USD
|
|
|
|
......
|
495 / oz†
|
819 / oz†
|
All-in costs
|
4E (Pt, Pd, Rh, Au)
|
USD
|
......
|
......
|
......
|
......
|
744 / oz†
|
765 / oz†
|
† Net of By-Product.
- Subscription is required.
Operating Costs:
| Units | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 | 2016 |
Total operating costs ($/t milled)
|
ZAR
| 1,345 | 1,333 | 1,065 | 979 | 977 | 928 |
Financials:
| Units | 2022 | 2021 | 2020 | 2019 | 2018 | 2017 |
Capital expenditures
|
M ZAR
| ...... | ...... | ...... |
......
|
285.4
|
390.5
|
Revenue
|
M ZAR
| ...... | ...... | ...... |
......
|
7,417
|
6,095
|
EBITDA
|
M ZAR
| ...... | ...... | ...... |
|
|
|
Book Value
|
M ZAR
| ...... | ...... | |
|
|
|
- Subscription is required
Corporate Filings & Presentations:
- Subscription is required.
- Subscription is required.